ArticleGut pathogens2021
Mixtures of natural antimicrobials can reduce Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens infections and cellular inflammatory response in MDCK cells.
Article in Gut pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Future-ready antimicrobials: harnessing organic acids to override CaMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Gut health management in livestock: roles of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in growth, immunity, and microbiota modulation.Veterinary research communications · 2025Review
- Therapeutic and protective approaches to combatFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Organic acids mitigate Streptococcus agalactiae virulence in Tilapia fish gut primary cells and in a gut infection model.Irish veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The mechanistic role of natural antimicrobials in preventing Staphylococcus aureus invasion of MAC-T cells using an in vitro mastitis model.Irish veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Global trends in antimicrobial resistance on organic and conventional farms.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Natural Antimicrobial Mixtures Disrupt Attachment and Survival ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Natural Antimicrobials Promote the Anti-Oxidative Inhibition of COX-2 Mediated Inflammatory Response in Primary Oral Cells Infected withAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Anti-Foodborne pathogens and disease · 2022Review
- The Antioxidant Effect of Natural Antimicrobials in Shrimp Primary Intestinal Cells Infected withAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe classification of natural antimicrobials as potential antibiotic replacements is still hampered by the absence of clear biological mechanisms behind their mode of action. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-bacterial effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (maltodextrin, citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid, citrus extract and olive extract) against Campylobacter jejuni RC039, Salmonella enterica SE 10/72 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC® 13124 invasion of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK).
resultsMinimum sub-inhibitory concentrations were determined for Campylobacter jejuni (0.25%), Salmonella enterica (0.50%) and Clostridium perfringens (0.50%) required for the in vitro infection assays with MDCK cells. The antimicrobial mixture significantly reduced the virulence of all three pathogens towards MDCK cells and restored the integrity of cellular tight junctions through increased transepithelial resistance (TEER) and higher expression levels of ZO-1 (zonula occludens 1) and occludin. This study also identified the ERK (external regulated kinase) signalling pathway as a key mechanism in blocking the pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) in infected cells. The reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H
conclusionThe present study describes for the first time that mixtures of natural antimicrobials can prevent the formation of substrates used by bacterial pathogens to grow and survive in anaerobic environments (e.g. tetrathionate). Moreover, we provide further insights into pathogen invasion mechanisms through restoration of cellular structures and describe their ability to block the ERK-MAPK kinase pathway responsible for inflammatory cytokine release.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.