ArticleNature2021
Nanobodies from camelid mice and llamas neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
155citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outlook of therapeutic and diagnostic competency of nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review.Analytical biochemistry · 2022Pooled it
- Camelid VHHs as a Versatile Platform for Combating Viral Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- ACE2-fused nanobody targeting a cryptic RBD epitope broadly neutralizes SARS-like viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Multimerization and Conjugation to Antiviral and Cytotoxic Payloads Enhance the Activity of Virus-Neutralizing Nanobodies In Vitro.ACS omega · 2026Article
- High-Throughput Isolation of Nanomouse-Derived VHH Domains: A Practical Guide from Immunization to Nanobody Expression.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Broad Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: Current Progress and Engineering Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- In vivo CAR T cell generation using retargeted and functionalized lentiviral vectors with reduced immunogenicity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Comprehensive Mapping of Immune Nanobody Repertoires with NanoMAP.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- DNA Nanostructure-Templated Multivalency Enables Broad-Spectrum Virus Inhibition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Engineered IgA-Fc fusion protein with bioactive nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants with mucosal delivery potential.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas9 Screening and Simulated Infection Transcriptomic Identify Key Drivers of Innate Immunity in Bactrian Camels.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Targeting vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction with nanobodies: emerging therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Biological Role of Enveloped Virus Glycosylation and Its Interactions with Antiviral Lectins.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Review
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- Review
- Engineering Two-Dimensional Nanobody-Origami Architectures for Enhanced Antiviral Activity.Nano letters · 2025Article
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Jianliang Xu *Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. jianliang.xu@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4154-4322
Kai Xu *Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Seolkyoung JungLymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Andrea ConteLymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jenna LiebermanLymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Frauke MueckschLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-5101
Julio Cesar Cetrulo LorenziLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2492-3961
Solji ParkLymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Fabian SchmidtLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Zijun WangLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Yaoxing HuangAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-1644
Yang LuoAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Manoj S NairAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-3957
Pengfei WangAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Jonathan E SchulzLaboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
Lino TessarolloMouse Cancer Genetics Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
Tatsiana BylundVaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Gwo-Yu ChuangVaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Adam S OliaVaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tyler StephensElectron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
I-Ting TengVaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Yaroslav TsybovskyElectron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
Tongqing ZhouVaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Vincent MunsterLaboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-3196
David D HoAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-149X
Theodora HatziioannouLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-0766
Paul D BieniaszLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-3719
Michel C NussenzweigLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. nussen@mail.rockefeller.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-8564
Peter D Kwong *Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. pdkwong@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-232X
Rafael Casellas *Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. rafael.casellas@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-2287
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center · USRockefeller University · USFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USNational Institutes of Health · USCancer Genetics (United States) · USOffice of Extramural Research · USThe Ohio State University · US
Funding
Neutralization Mechanisms Of Anti-HIV-1 Monoclonal AntibodiesZIAAI005022 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI ZHOU, TONGQING · 2009 to 2025
$24.6MGene Targeting FacilityZICBC011265 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI TESSAROLLO, LINO · 2010 to 2025
$8.9MDesign of Antigenically-Specific Probes for Sera Analysis and MAb IsolationZICAI005111 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI ZHOU, TONGQING · 2010 to 2025
$4.3MComputational Tools for Structural AnalysisZICAI005112 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI RAWI, REDA · 2010 to 2025
$4.1MIdentification, structures and ontogenies of SARS-CoV-2 antibodiesZIAAI005147 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI ZHOU, TONGQING · 2020 to 2025
$2.9MDevelopment of highly neutralizing nanobodies against HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogensZIAAR041211 · NIAMS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES · PI O'SHEA, JOHN · 2020 to 2023
$2.5MCCR NIH HHS HHSN261200800001CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261200800001E
Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Although a number of vaccines have been deployed, the continual evolution of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus has challenged their efficacy. In particular, the emerging variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1 (first detected in the UK, South Africa and Brazil, respectively) have compromised the efficacy of sera from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 and immunotherapies that have received emergency use authorization
Indexed as
AnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingCamelids, New WorldCRISPR-Cas SystemsFemaleGene EditingHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLModels, MolecularMutationNeutralization TestsSARS-CoV-2Single-Domain AntibodiesSomatic Hypermutation, ImmunoglobulinAntibodies, NeutralizingSingle-Domain AntibodiesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2
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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.