Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34098404›Full record

ArticleGait & posture2021

Normative Achilles and patellar tendon shear wave speeds and loading patterns during walking in typically developing children.

Anahid Ebrahimi, Robyn L Kuchler, Robin L Pomeroy, Isaac F Loegering, Jack A Martin, Darryl G Thelen

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gait & posture, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Atypical triceps surae force and work patterns underlying gait in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2022
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anahid EbrahimiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Robyn L KuchlerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Robin L PomeroyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Isaac F LoegeringDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Jack A MartinDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Darryl G ThelenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: dgthelen@wisc.edu.
University of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

Noninvasive assessment of in vivo tissue loads to enhance the treatment of gait disordersR01HD092697 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI THELEN, DARRYL G · 2017 to 2021
$1.6M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD092697
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMotion analysis is commonly used to evaluate joint kinetics in children with cerebral palsy who exhibit gait disorders. However, one cannot readily infer muscle-tendon forces from joint kinetics. This study investigates the use of shear wave tensiometry to characterize Achilles and patellar tendon forces during gait. RESEARCH QUESTION: How do Achilles and patellar tendon wave speed and loading modulate with walking speed in typically developing children?

methodsTwelve typically developing children (9-16 years old) walked on an instrumented treadmill with shear wave tensiometers over their Achilles (n = 11) and patellar (n = 9) tendons. Wave speeds were recorded at five leg length-normalized walking speeds (very slow to very fast). Achilles and patellar tendon moment arms were measured with synchronized ultrasound and motion capture. The tendon wave speed-load relationship was calibrated at the typical walking speed and used to estimate tendon loading at other walking speeds.

resultsCharacteristic Achilles and patellar tendon wave speed trajectories exhibited two peaks over a gait cycle. Peak Achilles tendon force closely aligned with peak ankle plantarflexor moment during pushoff, though force exhibited less modulation with walking speed. A second peak in late swing Achilles loading, which was not evident from the ankle moment, increased significantly with walking speed (p < 0.001). The two peaks in patellar tendon loading occurred at 12 ± 1% and 68 ± 6% of the gait cycle, matching the timing of peak knee extension moment in early stance and early swing. Both patellar tendon load peaks increased significantly with walking speed (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to use shear wave tensiometry to characterize Achilles and patellar tendon loading during gait in children. These data could serve as a normative comparison when using tensiometry to identify abnormal tendon loading patterns in individuals who exhibit equinus and/or crouch gait.

Indexed as

Achilles TendonPatellar LigamentTendinopathyAdolescentBiomechanical PhenomenaChildGaitHumansWalkingPediatric gait databaseShear wave tensiometrySubject-specific calibrationTendon forceTendon stress

Identifiers

PMID34098404
PMCPMC8316302
OpenAlexW3167911369

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.