ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2021
A biopsychosocial framework for understanding sexual and gender minority health: A call for action.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Minority stress in relation to biological outcomes among sexual and gender minority people: a systematic review and update.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Differential gene expression in response to AWARENESS: A randomized controlled trial of an intersectional minority stress intervention.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Trial
- Mental Health Challenges and Workplace Risk Factors Among Sexual and Gender Minority Workers in Korea.Safety and health at work · 2026Article
- Article
- Stress Processes and Resilience Pathways of Sexually and Gender Diverse Communities: A Narrative Review of 15 Years of Evolving Research Priorities and Practices.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Review
- Why Do the Bells Toll? : How to Understand and Address the Disputes Around Evidence in Support of the Use of Puberty Blockers for Young People with Gender Incongruence/Dysphoria.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2026Article
- Sexual minority adults exhibit greater inflammation than heterosexual adults in the context of depressive symptoms and anxiety: Pathways to health disparities.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Health among sexual and gender minority people affected by armed conflict and forced displacement: Call for a biocultural and minority stress framework.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Review
- Voices from the margins: A qualitative study exploring components influencing psychosocial health and wellbeing among gender minority forced migrants.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2026Article
- Queering Studies of Health and Bodily Experience: An Example From the Transgender Resilience and Health Study.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
- Disentangling the biopsychosocial effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on social health: A protocol for a multi-arm prospective cohort study (AFFIRM Relationships).Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and PrEP Use Among Sexual Minority Men: The Mediating Roles of Internalized Homonegativity and PrEP Stigma.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Risk and resilience profiles and their transition pathways in the ABCD Study.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Health Promotion Opportunities for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People: Using Data From the New Zealand Health Survey.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Article
- Neighborhood social cohesion and sleep health among sexual minoritized US adults and intersections with sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and age.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Sexual Minority Identity and Physical Illnesses: Role of Life-Course Victimization and Gender Differences.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Minority stress and stimulant use among US adult sexual minority men: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- XYGO: proposing a new holistic measure of gender identity and sexual orientation.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Associations between structural stigma and earlier pubertal timing persist for 1 year among Black girls and Latinx youth.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sexual minority stress and epigenetic aging.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The number of US adults identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or a different sexual identity has doubled since 2008, and about 40 % of the sexual and gender minority population identify as people of color. Minority stress theory posits that sexual and gender minorities are at particular risk for stress via stigma and discrimination at the structural, interpersonal, and individual levels. This stress, in turn, elevates the risk of adverse health outcomes across several domains. However, there remains a conspicuously limited amount of research on the psychoneuroimmunology of stress among sexual and gender minorities. We developed the Biopsychosocial Minority Stress Framework which posits that sexual minority status leads to unique experiences of minority stress which results in adverse health behavioral factors, elevated psychological distress and sleep disturbance, and immune dysregulation. Moderators in the model include both individual differences and intersectional identities. There is a crucial need to understand the biological-psychological axis of stress among the increasingly visible sexual and gender minority population to increase their health, longevity, and quality of life.
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Registered trials
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