ReviewInfection and immunity2021
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Macrophages, and Host Innate Immune Response.
Review in Infection and immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut-lung axis and microbiome alterations in mycobacterial infections: from pathogenesis to therapeutic potential.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- IL-17A-producing γδ T cells control pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Exploiting autophagy-targeting natural compounds for potential antimicrobial actions.Autophagy · 2026Review
- Predictors of treatment initiation in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a real-life retrospective analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Activation of IL-1 and IL-18 induced by Mycobacterium neoaurum and bacillus calmette-guérin are dependent on the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Characterization of novel mycobacteriophages with a focus on phage Pisa4 and its interaction with human innate immune cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Association between immunity and antimicrobial treatment resistance in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a multicenter observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- The microbiome and gut-lung axis in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- The gut-lung axis and microbiome dysbiosis in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: immune mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic frontiers.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Japanese Female Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria-Associated Lung Disease: An Observational Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Targeting Autophagy as a Strategy for Developing New Host-Directed Therapeutics Against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- In Vitro Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam Alone and in Combination Against Cystic Fibrosis Isolates ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium Infections in Orthopaedic Surgery: Review of the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Guidelines.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2025Review
- Cell Death Mechanisms inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gram-Negative Bacteremia With Atypical Neurologic Presentation Following Tattoo Application.Cureus · 2025Article
- Exploring a Rare Association: Systematic Review of Hypercalcemia in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage suppress immune responses via IL-10 production and delay bacterial clearance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Chemical Space of Mycobacterial Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors Using Molecular Modeling.ChemMedChem · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered opportunistic infections, incidence and prevalence of NTM infection are increasing worldwide becoming a major public health threat. Innate immunity plays an essential role in mediating the initial host response against these intracellular bacteria. Specifically, macrophages phagocytose and eliminate NTM and act as antigen-presenting cells, which trigger downstream activation of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses. Identification of macrophage receptors, mycobacterial ligands, phagosome maturation, autophagy/necrosis, and escape mechanisms are important components of this immunity network. The role of the macrophage in mycobacterial disease has mainly been studied in tuberculosis (TB), but limited information exists on its role in NTM. In this review, we focus on NTM immunity, the role of macrophages, and host interaction in NTM infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.