Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34096731›Full record

ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2021

Understanding the Impact of Protein-Excipient Interactions on Physical Stability of Spray-Dried Protein Solids.

Yuan Chen, Jing Ling, Mingyue Li, Yongchao Su, Kinnari Santosh Arte, Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri, Lynne S Taylor, Eric J Munson, Elizabeth M Topp, Qi Tony Zhou

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Dry powder formulations of hyperimmune serum.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Understanding dry proteins and their protection with solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Yuan ChenDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
Jing LingDiscovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Comapny, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.
Mingyue LiPharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Company, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
Yongchao SuDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5063-3218
Kinnari Santosh ArteDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
Tarun Tejasvi MutukuriDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7203-8786
Lynne S TaylorDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4568-6021
Eric J MunsonDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8154-6360
Elizabeth M ToppDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1734-0223
Qi Tony ZhouDepartment of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1438-6990
Purdue University West Lafayette · USMerck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) · US

Funding

Advancing innovative therapies against pandrug-resistant Gram-negative superbugsR01AI146160 · NIAID · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI LI, JIAN, ZHOU, QI · 2019 to 2023
$3.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146160
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mannitol, leucine, and trehalose have been widely used in spray-dried formulations, especially for inhalation formulations. The individual contribution of these excipients on protein physical stability in spray-dried solids was studied here using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. The spray-dried solids were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and solid-state Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze particle morphology, crystallinity, and secondary structure change, respectively. Advanced solid-state characterizations were conducted with solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange (ssHDX) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to explore protein conformation and molecular interactions in the context of the system physical stability. Trehalose remained amorphous after spray-drying and was miscible with BSA, forming hydrogen bonds to maintain protein conformation, whereby this system showed the least monomer loss in the stability study. As indicated by ssNMR, both crystalline and amorphous forms of mannitol existed in the spray-dried BSA-mannitol solids, which explained its partial stabilizing effect on BSA. Leucine showed the strongest crystallization tendency after spray-drying and did not provide a stabilizing effect due to substantial immiscibility and phase separation with BSA as a result of crystal formation. This work showed novel applications of ssNMR in examining protein conformation and protein-excipient interaction in dry formulations. Overall, our results demonstrate the pivotal role of advanced solid-state characterization techniques in understanding the physical stability of spray-dried protein solids.

Indexed as

AnimalsCattleCrystallizationExcipientsFreeze DryingMannitolPowdersProtein ConformationProtein StabilitySerum Albumin, BovineExcipientsMannitolPowdersSerum Albumin, Bovineexcipientmolecular interactionphysical stabilityprotein solidspray-drying

Identifiers

PMID34096731
PMCPMC10042268
OpenAlexW3171952873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.