Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34096501›Full record

ArticleeLife2021

Temporally delayed linear modelling (TDLM) measures replay in both animals and humans.

Yunzhe Liu, Raymond J Dolan, Cameron Higgins, Hector Penagos, Mark W Woolrich, H Freyja Ólafsdóttir, Caswell Barry, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Timothy E Behrens

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Building hierarchically nested structure by rapid neural sequences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Reasoning with programs in replay.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Trajectories through semantic spaces in schizophrenia and the relationship to ripple bursts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  15. Review
  16. How our understanding of memory replay evolves.Journal of neurophysiology · 2023
    Review
  17. Distinct replay signatures for prospective decision-making and memory preservation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Decoding cognition from spontaneous neural activity.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yunzhe LiuState Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0836-9403
Raymond J DolanState Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9356-761X
Cameron HigginsWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Hector PenagosCenter for Brains, Minds and Machines, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.
Mark W WoolrichWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
H Freyja ÓlafsdóttirDonders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Caswell BarryResearch Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Zeb Kurth-NelsonMax Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, United Kingdom.
Timothy E BehrensWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0048-1177

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/L023784/2Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 091593/Z/10/ZWellcome Trust 098362/Z/12/ZWellcome Trust 104765/Z/14/ZWellcome Trust 203139/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 212281/Z/18/ZWellcome Trust 219525/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are rich structures in off-task neural activity which are hypothesized to reflect fundamental computations across a broad spectrum of cognitive functions. Here, we develop an analysis toolkit - temporal delayed linear modelling (TDLM) - for analysing such activity. TDLM is a domain-general method for finding neural sequences that respect a pre-specified transition graph. It combines nonlinear classification and linear temporal modelling to test for statistical regularities in sequences of task-related reactivations. TDLM is developed on the non-invasive neuroimaging data and is designed to take care of confounds and maximize sequence detection ability. Notably, as a linear framework, TDLM can be easily extended, without loss of generality, to capture rodent replay in electrophysiology, including in continuous spaces, as well as addressing second-order inference questions, for example, its temporal and spatial varying pattern. We hope TDLM will advance a deeper understanding of neural computation and promote a richer convergence between animal and human neuroscience.

Indexed as

Behavior, AnimalEvoked PotentialsMental RecallModels, NeurologicalAnimalsBrainHumansLinear ModelsMagnetoencephalographyMaze LearningPhotic StimulationRatsTime FactorsVisual PerceptiondecodingelectrophysiologyhumanMEG/EEGmouseneurosciencereactivationreplay

Identifiers

PMID34096501
PMCPMC8318595

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.