Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34095967›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2022

The Impact of Bilingualism on Everyday Executive Functions of English-Arabic Autistic Children: Through a Parent-Teacher Lens.

Shereen Sharaan, Sarah E MacPherson, Sue Fletcher-Watson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Irony Comprehension in Monolingual and Bilingual Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Bilingualism Effects in Metaphor and Simile Comprehension and Production in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  6. Multilingualism impacts children's executive function and core autism symptoms.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024
    Article
  7. Bilingualism Predicts Affective Theory of Mind in Autistic Adults.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Shereen SharaanHuman Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. shereen.sharaan@ed.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-5438
Sarah E MacPhersonHuman Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Sue Fletcher-WatsonThe Salvesen Mindroom Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is evidence that autistic children may have reduced executive function skills, contributing to day-to-day difficulties, but much remains unknown regarding the influence of bilingualism. We investigated its influence on sustained attention, interference control, flexible switching and working memory, in Arabic-English autistic (n = 27) and typically developing peers (n = 53) children, aged 5 to 12 years old. Parents and teachers completed rating measures assessing children's daily EF abilities. Results showed generalized positive effects for bilingual autistic children relative to their monolingual peers across all EF domains, but using parent ratings only. The findings indicate that bilingualism does not negatively impact the executive function skills of autistic children, and that it might mitigate difficulties faced on a day-to-day basis.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderMultilingualismChildChild, PreschoolExecutive FunctionHumansParentsAutismCognitionDual languageSecond language exposure

Identifiers

PMID34095967
PMCPMC9021051

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.