ArticlePediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)2021
E-cigarette exposures, respiratory tract infections, and impaired innate immunity: a narrative review.
Article in Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Guideline
- Impact of E-Liquids on Phagocytosis, Escape and Invasion ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effects of e-cigarette use on asthma severity in adult BALB/c mice.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of adverse respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Article
- Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Exposure in Osteoarthritis: Immune Dysregulation and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Influenza-like illness in cigarette smokers and electronic-cigarette users: a secondary analysis from the PAIVED study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics identifies altered neutrophil dynamics and accentuated T-cell cytotoxicity in tobacco flavored e-cigarette exposed mouse lungs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Rising trend of E-cigarettes among adolescents of Pakistan and cardiovascular implications of electronic nicotine delivery systems.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e-cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- The effects of flavored vaped e-liquids on cultured human macrophages derived from the central and peripheral nervous systems.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2025Article
- Targeting Non-Eosinophilic Immunological Pathways in COPD and AECOPD: Current Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Review
- Vaping Possible Negative Effects on Lungs: State-of-the-Art From Lung Capacity Alteration to Cancer.Cureus · 2024Review
- E-Cigarette-Associated Acute Severe Asthma in a Smoking-Naïve Adolescent: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- An overview of traditional smoking cessation interventions and E-cigarettes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Vaping Behavior in Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Respiratory care · 2023Article
- Effect of altered human exposome on the skin and mucosal epithelial barrier integrity.Tissue barriers · 2023Article
- Not all vaping is the same: differential pulmonary effects of vaping cannabidiol versus nicotine.Thorax · 2023Article
- Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Multi-omic assessment shows dysregulation of pulmonary and systemic immunity to e-cigarette exposure.Respiratory research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are commonly used devices by adolescents and young adults. Since their introduction, the popularity of e-cigarettes has increased significantly with close to twenty percent of United States high school students reporting current use in 2020. As the number of e-cigarette users has increased, so have reports of vaping related health complications. Overall, respiratory tract infections remain one of the top ten leading causes of death in the US for every age group. Specific to the pediatric population, lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause for hospitalization. This review highlights the current evidence behind e-cigarette exposure and its association with impaired innate immune function and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections. To date, various preclinical models have evaluated the direct effects of e-cigarette exposure on the innate immune system. More specifically, e-cigarette exposure impairs certain cell types of the innate immune system including the airway epithelium, lung macrophage and neutrophils. Identified effects of e-cigarette exposure common to the lung's innate immunity include abnormal mucus composition, reduced epithelial barrier function, impaired phagocytosis and elevated systemic markers of inflammation. These identified impairments in the lung's innate immunity have been shown to increase adhesion of certain bacteria and fungi as well as to increase virulence of common respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.