ArticleJB & JS open access
A 15-Year Report on the Uneven Distribution of Women in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training Programs in the United States.
Article in JB & JS open access. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends in Female Representation Across Five Competitive Surgical Specialties (2013-2025): A Call for Sustained Equity Efforts.World journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Gender representation and reimbursement trends in cubital tunnel surgery: a retrospective review of Medicare data from 2013 to 2022.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2025Article
- Women in Surgery: An Analysis of Mental Health, Stress Perception and Resilience.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2025Review
- The Association of Cannabis and Tobacco Use With Postoperative Complications after Ankle and Hindfoot Arthrodesis.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Female Speaker Representation at the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Annual Meetings Over Time.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2025Article
- The Women in ORTHopaedics Program Offers Early Exposure to Orthopaedic Surgery for Young Women. A Pre- and Post-Event Survey Comparison.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2025Article
- Iran's Orthopaedic Landscape: Distribution, Per-capita Ratios, Female Inclusion, and Academic Standing among Residents and Surgeons.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2025Review
- Is There Gender Disparity in Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research Productivity?HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2024Article
- Article
- A Bibliometric Analysis of the 500 Most Cited Papers in Orthopaedic Oncology.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2024Article
- Fifty Most-Cited Research Articles in Elbow Surgery: A Modern Reading List.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2023Article
- Persistent Lack of Female Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellows.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Article
- A 10-Year Report on the Trends of Osteopathic Medical Students (OMS) in Osteopathic Orthopaedic Residency over the Past Decade.Journal of the American Osteopathic Academy Orthopedics · 2023Article
- Making the Case for Diversity.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2023Article
- Publication and Career Trends of Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society Grant Winners Over the Past Decade.The Iowa orthopaedic journal · 2023Article
- Patient Initiated Discrimination and Harassment-A Descriptive Survey of Experiences Within a Single Academic Department.The Iowa orthopaedic journal · 2023Article
- Correlations Between Department and Training Program Online Presence and Women in Orthopedic Surgery Training.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Current Gender Diversity and Geographic Trends Among Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Surgeons in the United States.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
- Fellowship and future career plans for orthopedic trainees: gender-based differences in influencing factors.Heliyon · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was undertaken to update reports from 2004 to 2005 through 2008 to 2009, and 2009 to 2010 through 2013 to 2014, including 5 additional years of GME Track data. Our hypothesis is there have been no significant changes during the past 5 years in the distribution of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited orthopaedics residency programs that train female residents, compared with the previous 10 years.
methodsData for ACGME-accredited orthopaedics residency training programs in the United States were analyzed for 5 consecutive academic years (2014-2015 through 2018-2019). Programs were classified as having no women, 1 woman, 2 women, or greater than 2 women in training. Programs were analyzed for percentage of female residents and classified as having above the national average (>20%), similar to the national average (between 10 and 20%), or below the national average (<10%).
resultsAnalysis of the original 5 years (2004-2009) compared with the most recent data (2014-2019) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the number of programs training women (p < 0.001). From 2004 to 2009 to 2014 to 2019, the absolute number and percent of female trainees have increased (p < 0.001). Similar analysis of the middle 5 years (2009-2014) compared with the most recent 5 years (2014-2019) did not demonstrate a statistically significant change (p = 0.12). From 2014 to 2019, residency programs in the United States continue to train women at unequal rates: 37 programs had no female trainees, while 53 programs had >20% female trainees during at least one of these 5 years.
conclusionsFemale medical students continue to pursue orthopaedics at rates lagging behind all other surgical specialties. Not all residency programs train women at equal rates. If the rate of training of female residents over the past 15 years were projected over time, we would not achieve 30% women within orthopaedics residency training programs until approximately 2060. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.