Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34095422›Full record

ArticleGynecologic oncology reports2021

Cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment delays in the developing world: Evidence from a hospital-based study in Zambia.

Jane Mwamba Mumba, Lackson Kasonka, Okola Basil Owiti, John Andrew, Mwansa Ketty Lubeya, Lufunda Lukama, Charlotte Kasempa, Susan C Msadabwe, Chester Kalinda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gynecologic oncology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  5. Demographic and social determinants of human immunodeficiency virus status among women with cervical cancer in a low-resource setting.International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jane Mwamba MumbaThe University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nationalist Road, P/Box RWX1 50110, Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia.
Lackson KasonkaThe University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nationalist Road, P/Box RWX1 50110, Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia.
Okola Basil OwitiHasselt University, Faculty of Science, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
John AndrewHasselt University, Faculty of Science, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Mwansa Ketty LubeyaThe University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nationalist Road, P/Box RWX1 50110, Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia.
Lufunda LukamaNdola Teaching Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Broadway Road, Postal Agency Ndola, Ndola, Zambia.
Charlotte KasempaCancer Diseases Hospital, Nationalist Road, Nationalist Road, P/Box RWX1 50110 Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia.
Susan C MsadabweCancer Diseases Hospital, Nationalist Road, Nationalist Road, P/Box RWX1 50110 Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia.
Chester KalindaUniversity of Namibia, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Science, Katima Mulilo Campus, Winele Road, Private Bag 1096, Ngweze, Katima Mulilo, Namibia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Expedited diagnostic processes for all suspected cervical cancer cases remain essential in the effort to improve clinical outcomes of the disease. However, in some developing countries like Zambia, there is paucity of data that assesses factors influencing diagnostic and treatment turnaround time (TAT) and other metrics vital for quality cancer care. We conducted a retrospective hospital-based study at the Cancer Diseases Hospital (CDH) for cervical cancer cases presenting to the facility between January 2014 and December 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics while a generalized linear model of the negative binomial was used to assess determinants of overall TAT. Our study included 2121 patient case files. The median age was 49 years (IQR: ±17) and most patients (n = 634, 31%) were aged between 41 and 50 years. The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Cancer stage II (n = 941, 48%) was the most prevalent while stage IV (n = 103, 5.2%) was the least. The average diagnostic TAT in public laboratories was 1.48 (95%CI: 1.21-1.81) times longer than in private laboratories. Furthermore, referral delay was 55 days (IQR: 24-152) and the overall TAT (

Indexed as

Cancer Diseases HospitalCervical cancerPublic health facilityScreeningTurnaround time

Identifiers

PMID34095422
PMCPMC8165546

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.