ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Delayed Rise of Oral Fluid Antibodies, Elevated BMI, and Absence of Early Fever Correlate With Longer Time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA Clearance in a Longitudinally Sampled Cohort of COVID-19 Outpatients.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 intra-host viral diversity associated with host innate and vaccine-induced immunity in an obese mouse model.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Early, Robust Mucosal Secretory Immunoglobulin A but not Immunoglobulin G Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike in Oral Fluid Is Associated With Faster Viral Clearance and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptom Resolution.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Application of machine learning algorithms to identify serological predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- CROI 2024: Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2024Review
- Application of machine learning models to identify serological predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes.Research square · 2023Article
- A Saliva-Based Serological and Behavioral Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence in Howard County, Maryland.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Methodological approaches to optimize multiplex oral fluid SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay performance and correlation with serologic and neutralizing antibody responses.Journal of immunological methods · 2023Article
- Reconsideration of Antinucleocapsid IgG Antibody as a Marker of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Postvaccination for Mild COVID-19 Patients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Long COVID brain fog and muscle pain are associated with longer time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the upper respiratory tract during acute infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Vitamin C as a Potential Interplaying Factor between Obesity and COVID-19 Outcome.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Methodological approaches to optimize multiplex oral fluid SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay performance and correlation with serologic and neutralizing antibody responses.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Estimate and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance time among non-severe COVID-19 patients.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Salivary IgA and IgG.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- mRNA vaccination drives differential mucosal neutralizing antibody profiles in naïve and SARS-CoV-2 previously-infected individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Development and validation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA and IgG.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2021Article
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44 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSustained molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the upper respiratory tract (URT) in mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common. We sought to identify host and immune determinants of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.
methodsNinety-five symptomatic outpatients self-collected midturbinate nasal, oropharyngeal (OP), and gingival crevicular fluid (oral fluid) samples at home and in a research clinic a median of 6 times over 1-3 months. Samples were tested for viral RNA, virus culture, and SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronavirus antibodies, and associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsViral RNA clearance, as measured by SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in 507 URT samples occurred a median (interquartile range) 33.5 (17-63.5) days post-symptom onset. Sixteen nasal-OP samples collected 2-11 days post-symptom onset were virus culture positive out of 183 RT-PCR-positive samples tested. All participants but 1 with positive virus culture were negative for concomitant oral fluid anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The mean time to first antibody detection in oral fluid was 8-13 days post-symptom onset. A longer time to first detection of oral fluid anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99;
conclusionsWe demonstrate that delayed rise of oral fluid SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, elevated BMI, and absence of early fever are independently associated with delayed URT viral RNA clearance.
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