ArticleFrontiers in neurology2021
Clinical Utility of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the Presurgical Evaluation of Motor, Speech, and Language Functions in Young Children With Refractory Epilepsy or Brain Tumor: Preliminary Evidence.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05425615 (Probing Language Processes Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Probing Language Processes Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuromodulation in Neuro-Oncology: A Scoping Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Longitudinal study of single-pulse TMS in infants with perinatal brain injury: safety and feasibility.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- The functional near infrared spectroscopy applications in children with developmental diseases: a review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) in Neurosurgery: Unexplored Path Towards Personalized Brain Surgery.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Concordance between Wada, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Magnetoencephalography for Determining Hemispheric Dominance for Language: A Retrospective Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation for assessment of motor development in infants with early brain injury.Expert review of medical devices · 2024Article
- Comparing the efficacy of awake and sedated MEG to TMS in mapping hand sensorimotor cortex in a clinical cohort.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Article
- Modelling the differential effects of age on transcranial magnetic stimulation induced electric fields.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Surgery for pediatric drug resistant epilepsy: a narrative review of its history, surgical implications, and treatment strategies.Translational pediatrics · 2023Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the motor cortex: comparison of five estimation algorithms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cellular Mechanisms of Electromagnetic Field in Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine · 2023Article
- Plasticity in the developing brain: neurophysiological basis for lesion-induced motor reorganization.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Presurgical language mapping in bilingual children using transcranial magnetic stimulation: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurate presurgical mapping of motor, speech, and language cortices, while crucial for neurosurgical planning and minimizing post-operative functional deficits, is challenging in young children with neurological disease. In such children, both invasive (cortical stimulation mapping) and non-invasive functional mapping imaging methods (MEG, fMRI) have limited success, often leading to delayed surgery or adverse post-surgical outcomes. We therefore examined the clinical utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in young children who require functional mapping. In a retrospective chart review of TMS studies performed on children with refractory epilepsy or a brain tumor, at our institution, we identified 47 mapping sessions in 36 children 3 years of age or younger, in whom upper and lower extremity motor mapping was attempted; and 13 children 5-6 years old in whom language mapping, using a naming paradigm, was attempted. The primary hand motor cortex was identified in at least one hemisphere in 33 of 36 patients, and in both hemispheres in 27 children. In 17 children, primary leg motor cortex was also successfully identified. The language cortices in temporal regions were successfully mapped in 11 of 13 patients, and in six of them language cortices in frontal regions were also mapped, with most children (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.