ArticleNutrition journal2021
The association of carotid artery atherosclerosis with the estimated excretion levels of urinary sodium and potassium and their ratio in Chinese adults.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipoprotein(a) and atherosclerosis risk across estimated glucose disposal rate strata: evaluating synergistic predictive utility.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Frequency of adding salt to foods, metabolic signature, and the risk of extracoronary atherosclerotic vascular disease progression.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Role of Micronutrients in Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Application.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The dose-response relationships between all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and the accrual of various dietary habits.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Sex difference in the relationship between 24-h sodium-potassium ratio and prevalence of metabolic syndromes: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolic syndromes increase significantly with the accumulation of bad dietary habits.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Effects of salt substitute on urinary electrolytes and blood pressure in a real-world setting-cohort study in Hunan, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Impact of urinary sodium excretion on the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- The association of arterial stiffness with estimated excretion levels of urinary sodium and potassium and their ratio in Chinese adults.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- The association between sodium intake and coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in the general Swedish population.European heart journal open · 2023Article
- Sodium intake and the risk of various types of cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Application of a six sigma model to evaluate the analytical performance of urinary biochemical analytes and design a risk-based statistical quality control strategy for these assays: A multicenter study.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundArterial stiffness is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. However, the association between sodium/potassium intake and vascular stiffness was inconsistent. Therefore, a large community-based cross-sectional study was performed to try and achieve more definitive conclusion.
methodsUrinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels were tested in spot urine samples during physical examinations of each recruited participant. The 24-h estimated urinary sodium excretion (eUNaE) and estimated urinary potassium excretion (eUKE) levels were determined using the Kawasaki formula (used as a surrogate for intake). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were measured using ultrasound.
resultsIn 13,523 subjects aged 18-80 years, the relationships between carotid plaques and IMT with eUNaE, eUKE and their ratios were analyzed. Overall, 30.2% of participants were diagnosed with carotid artery plaques. The ratio of estimated sodium vs. potassium excretion (Na/K ratio) of the individuals with carotid artery plaques was significantly higher than that of participants without plaque (2.14 ± 0.73 vs. 2.09 ± 0.61, P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, and other lifestyle covariates, a significant positive relation was found between carotid plaque and Na/K ratios (OR = 1.06, P < 0.05). In participants without plaque, a similar positive association was observed between Na/K ratios and increased bifurcation carotid IMT (β = 0.008, P < 0.01), especially in the females (P
conclusionsIn this study, in which sodium intake was estimated on the basis of measured urinary excretion, high estimated excretion levels of urinary sodium and/or low estimated excretion levels of urinary potassium might be associated with an increased presence of carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese individuals.
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