ArticleBMC medical research methodology2021
Strategies for assessing the impact of loss to follow-up on estimates of neurodevelopmental impairment in a very preterm cohort at 2 years of age.
Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Repeatability of Myotonometric Muscle Measurements in Infants Aged 0-3 Months: Toward an Objective Tool Supporting Early Motor Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
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- Associations of language barriers with very preterm children's behavioural and socio-emotional problems across Europe.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Child Health Research Using linked Multi-domain Canadian Administrative Data: A Scoping Review.International journal of population data science · 2026Article
- Factors of post-vaccination serological testing coverage among hepatitis B-exposed children in Fujian, China: a population-based cohort study (2021-2023).Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Sensitivity analysis for time-to-event data accounting for intra-individual variability in time-varying covariates with missing data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Observational birth cohorts for causal and predictive inference: The example of childhood asthma and allergic diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Survival, Multimorbidity, and Neurodevelopment.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Survive and Thrive: Outcomes of Children Enrolled in a Follow-Up Clinic for Small and Sick Newborns in Rural Rwanda.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years' corrected age of very preterm infants with necrotising enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation: The EPIPAGE-2 cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Childhood Health and Educational outcomes afteR perinatal Brain injury (CHERuB): protocol for a population-matched cohort study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- The early educational environment at five years of age in a European cohort of children born very preterm: challenges and opportunities for research.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Two-year neurodevelopmental data for preterm infants born over an 11-year period in England and Wales, 2008-2018: a retrospective study using the National Neonatal Research Database.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2024Article
- Maternal Wellbeing Five Years after a Very Preterm Delivery: Prevalence and Influencing Factors in a European Cohort.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Maternal depression trajectories in childhood, subsequent maltreatment, and adolescent emotion regulation and self-esteem: the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Apgar Score and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Age 5 Years in Infants Born Extremely Preterm.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Risk factors for cerebral palsy and movement difficulties in 5-year-old children born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLoss to follow-up is a major challenge for very preterm (VPT) cohorts; attrition is associated with social disadvantage and parents with impaired children may participate less in research. We investigated the impact of loss to follow-up on the estimated prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment in a VPT cohort using different methodological approaches.
methodsThis study includes births < 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) from 4 regions in the UK and Portugal participating in a European birth cohort (N = 1737 survivors). Data on maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications, neonatal outcomes and neighborhood deprivation were collected at baseline. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 2 years of corrected age (CA) using standardized parent-report measures. We applied (1) multiple imputation (MI) and (2) inverse probability weighting (IPW) to estimate the impact of non-response on the prevalence of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment and assessed violations of the missing at random (MAR) assumption using the delta method.
results54.2% of children were followed-up. Follow-up was less likely when mothers were younger, multiparous, foreign-born, did not breastfeed and came from deprived areas. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment was 18.4% (95% confidence interval (CI):15.9-21.1) and increased to 20.4% (95%CI: 17.3-23.4) and 20.0% (95%CI:16.9-23.1) for MI and IPW models, respectively. Simulating strong violations of MAR (children with impairments being 50% less likely to be followed-up) raised estimates to 23.6 (95%CI:20.1-27.1)
conclusionsIn a VPT cohort with high loss to follow-up, correcting for attrition yielded modest increased estimates of neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years CA; estimates were relatively robust to violations of the MAR assumption.
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