ArticleBiomaterials2021
Combined PET and whole-tissue imaging of lymphatic-targeting vaccines in non-human primates.
Article in Biomaterials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial confinement promotes germinal center diversity and tempers immunodominance.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- A novel cross-species vaccine design and nasal immunization strategy based on recombinantApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity ofVaccines · 2026Article
- Dendritic Cell Organization and Function in Innate and Adaptive Immune Defense Within Lymph Nodes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Mechanism for evolution of diverse autologous antibodies upon broadly neutralizing antibody therapy of people with HIV.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Progress in cancer vaccines enabled by nanotechnology.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Advances in tissue optical clearing for 3D imaging in large animal.Frontiers of optoelectronics · 2025Review
- Lymphatic chain gradients regulate the magnitude and heterogeneity of T cell responses to vaccination.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Eliciting antitumor immunity via therapeutic cancer vaccines.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- The Impact of PET Imaging on Translational Medicine: Insights from Large-Animal Disease Models.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Chimeric receptor-binding domain vaccine design and sequential immunization enhanced broadly neutralizing antibody responses against COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Modulation of antigen delivery and lymph node activation in nonhuman primates by saponin adjuvant saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Synthetic organic materials for targeting immunotherapies to lymph nodes.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- In vivo spatiotemporal characterizing diverse body transportation of optical labeled high immunity aluminium adjuvants with photoacoustic tomography.Photoacoustics · 2024Article
- Modulation of antigen delivery and lymph node activation in non-human primates by saponin adjuvant SMNP.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Antibody modulation of B cell responses-Incorporating positive and negative feedback.Immunity · 2024Review
- New Long-Acting [Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Biomaterials-Mediated Engineering of the Immune System.Annual review of immunology · 2023Review
- Low protease activity in B cell follicles promotes retention of intact antigens after immunization.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antigen accumulation in lymph nodes (LNs) is critical for vaccine efficacy, but understanding of vaccine biodistribution in humans or large animals remains limited. Using the rhesus macaque model, we employed a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence imaging to characterize the whole-animal to tissue-level biodistribution of a subunit vaccine comprised of an HIV envelope trimer protein nanoparticle (trimer-NP) and lipid-conjugated CpG adjuvant (amph-CpG). Following immunization in the thigh, PET imaging revealed vaccine uptake primarily in inguinal and iliac LNs, reaching distances up to 17 cm away from the injection site. Within LNs, trimer-NPs exhibited striking accumulation on the periphery of follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks in B cell follicles. Comparative imaging of soluble Env trimers (not presented on nanoparticles) in naïve or previously-immunized animals revealed diffuse deposition of trimer antigens in LNs following primary immunization, but concentration on FDCs in pre-immunized animals with high levels of trimer-specific IgG. These data demonstrate the capacity of nanoparticle or "albumin hitchhiking" technologies to concentrate vaccines in genitourinary tract-draining LNs, which may be valuable for promoting mucosal immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.