ReviewJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2021
Preclinical models as patients' avatars for precision medicine in colorectal cancer: past and future challenges.
Review in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
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- Cellular plasticity and heterogeneity underlying therapy resistance in 3D cervical cancer models.Hereditas · 2026Review
- Research Progress on the Biological Function, Disease-Driving Mechanism and Clinical Targeting Strategies of G3BP2.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Scientific Case for Animal Models: A Perspective From Musculoskeletal Researchers.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- From mono- to multi-cellularFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Organoids glimpse: the nexus for diverse tumor heterogeneity.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- A promising model for prediction of chemotherapeutic sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers using patient-derived malignant ascites organoids.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveals the therapeutic effect of nitazoxanide in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Pathway Analysis Interpretation in the Multi-Omic Era.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Review
- Review
- Recent advances and challenges in colorectal cancer: From molecular research to treatment.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- A new dawn: Vitalising translational oncology research in Africa with the help of advanced cell culture models.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- The application of organoids in investigating immune evasion in the microenvironment of gastric cancer and screening novel drug candidates.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Zebrafish Avatar testing preclinical study predicts chemotherapy response in breast cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- A New Perspective on Precision Medicine: The Power of Digital Organoids.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, characterized by dismal prognosis and low survival rate in the advanced (metastatic) stage. During the last decade, the establishment of novel preclinical models, leading to the generation of translational discovery and validation platforms, has opened up a new scenario for the clinical practice of CRC patients. To bridge the results developed at the bench with the medical decision process, the ideal model should be easily scalable, reliable to predict treatment responses, and flexibly adapted for various applications in the research. As such, the improved benefit of novel therapies being tested initially on valuable and reproducible preclinical models would lie in personalized treatment recommendations based on the biology and genomics of the patient's tumor with the overall aim to avoid overtreatment and unnecessary toxicity. In this review, we summarize different in vitro and in vivo models, which proved efficacy in detection of novel CRC culprits and shed light into the biology and therapy of this complex disease. Even though cell lines and patient-derived xenografts remain the mainstay of colorectal cancer research, the field has been confidently shifting to the use of organoids as the most relevant preclinical model. Prioritization of organoids is supported by increasing body of evidence that these represent excellent tools worth further therapeutic explorations. In addition, novel preclinical models such as zebrafish avatars are emerging as useful tools for pharmacological interrogation. Finally, all available models represent complementary tools that can be utilized for precision medicine applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.