Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34090465›Full record

ArticleMolecular cancer2021

CHEK1 and circCHEK1_246aa evoke chromosomal instability and induce bone lesion formation in multiple myeloma.

Chunyan Gu, Wang Wang, Xiaozhu Tang, Tingting Xu, Yanxin Zhang, Mengjie Guo, Rongfang Wei, Yajun Wang, Artur Jurczyszyn, Siegfried Janz and 6 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 55 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. NAT10-Mediated ac4C Modification of circANKRD12 Reprograms the Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  13. Coding circular RNA in human cancer.Genes & diseases · 2025
    Review
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  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Circular RNA-Encoded Proteins in Disease Pathogenesis.International journal of biological sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Chunyan Gu *Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Wang Wang *School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Xiaozhu Tang *School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Tingting XuSchool of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Yanxin ZhangSchool of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Mengjie GuoNanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Rongfang WeiSchool of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Yajun WangSchool of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Artur JurczyszynDepartment of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
Siegfried JanzDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Meral BeksacDepartment of Hematology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Fenghuang ZhanMyeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
Anja SeckingerLaboratory of Hematology and Immunology & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium.
Dirk HoseLaboratory of Hematology and Immunology & Labor für Myelomforschung, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette, Belgium.
Jingxuan PanNanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. panjx2@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Ye YangNanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. yangye876@sina.com.ORCID 0000-0003-0228-5102
Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine · CNVrije Universiteit Brussel · BEAnkara University · TRJagiellonian University · PLMedical College of Wisconsin · USUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences · US

Funding

Defining genetic pathways of plasma-cell neoplasiaR01CA151354 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI JANZ, SIEGFRIED · 2010 to 2022
$3.9M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA151354
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is still incurable and characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, effective therapeutic interventions must target both myeloma cells and the BM niche.

methodsCell proliferation, drug resistance, and chromosomal instability (CIN) induced by CHEK1 were confirmed by Giemsa staining, exon sequencing, immunofluorescence and xenograft model in vivo. Bone lesion was evaluated by Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The existence of circCHEK1_246aa was evaluated by qPCR, Sanger sequencing and Mass Spectrometer.

resultsWe demonstrated that CHEK1 expression was significantly increased in human MM samples relative to normal plasma cells, and that in MM patients, high CHEK1 expression was associated with poor outcomes. Increased CHEK1 expression induced MM cellular proliferation and evoked drug-resistance in vitro and in vivo. CHEK1-mediated increases in cell proliferation and drug resistance were due in part to CHEK1-induced CIN. CHEK1 activated CIN, partly by phosphorylating CEP170. Interestingly, CHEK1 promoted osteoclast differentiation by upregulating NFATc1 expression. Intriguingly, we discovered that MM cells expressed circCHEK1_246aa, a circular CHEK1 RNA, which encoded and was translated to the CHEK1 kinase catalytic center. Transfection of circCHEK1_246aa increased MM CIN and osteoclast differentiation similarly to CHEK1 overexpression, suggesting that MM cells could secrete circCHEK1_246aa in the BM niche to increase the invasive potential of MM cells and promote osteoclast differentiation.

conclusionsOur findings suggest that targeting the enzymatic catalytic center encoded by CHEK1 mRNA and circCHEK1_246aa is a promising therapeutic modality to target both MM cells and BM niche.

Indexed as

AnimalsBone and BonesCheckpoint Kinase 1Chromosomal InstabilityHeterograftsHumansMiceMultiple MyelomaOsteoclastsRNA, CircularCheckpoint Kinase 1CHEK1 protein, humanRNA, CircularCHEK1Chromosomal instabilitycircCHEK1_246aaDrug resistanceMultiple myelomaProliferation

Identifiers

PMID34090465
PMCPMC8178856
OpenAlexW3168702145

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.