Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34089471›Full record

SynthesisCancer causes & control : CCC2021

Association between weight cycling and risk of kidney cancer: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Dong Hoon Lee, NaNa Keum, Leandro F M Rezende, Fred K Tabung, SungEun Hong, Edward L Giovannucci

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Weight cycling and cancer risk in the Sister Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Dong Hoon LeeDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
NaNa KeumDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. nak212@mail.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-0211
Leandro F M RezendeUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Fred K TabungDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
SungEun HongDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, SangYeongBio building Room 543, Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, 10326, South Korea.
Edward L GiovannucciDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, TAMIMI, RULLA M · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
National Research Foundation of Korea NRF-2018R1C1B6008822; NRF-2018R1A4A1022589NCI NIH HHS P01 CA087969NIH HHS UM1 CA186107, U01 CA167552, P01 CA87969, R00 CA207736, and R03 CA204825
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWeight cycling is common in populations. However, it is unclear whether frequency and magnitude of weight cycling is associated with kidney cancer risk, independent of body mass index (BMI).

methodsA prospective cohort study followed 85,562 participants from Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Nurses' Health Study (1992-2014). At baseline, participants reported frequency and magnitude of intentional weight loss in the past 4 years. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also conducted a meta-analysis of all available observational studies including our two cohorts.

resultsDuring 22 years of follow-up, we identified 441 kidney cancer cases. Compared with non-weight cyclers (no attempt of intentional weight loss), severe cyclers (≥ 3 times of intentional weight loss of ≥ 4.5 kg) were at increased kidney cancer risk after adjusting for BMI before weight cycling (pooled multivariable-adjusted HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.19, 2.66). Additional adjustment for attained BMI after weight cycling had minimal influence. There was a positive trend between weight cycling by frequency and magnitude and kidney cancer risk (P-trend = 0.01). Moreover, the observed positive association did not differ by subtypes of cyclers (e.g., adiposity status, weight-loss methods). In the meta-analysis, we found a strong positive association between weight cycling and kidney cancer risk (summary relative risk for weight cyclers vs. non-cyclers, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.16, 1.96; I

conclusionFrequent substantial weight cycling was associated with increased risk of kidney cancer, independent of BMI. Our study suggests that weight cycling may be an important risk factor for kidney cancer.

Indexed as

Kidney NeoplasmsWeight GainBody Mass IndexFollow-Up StudiesHumansObservational Studies as TopicProspective StudiesRisk FactorsWeight LossCohort studyKidney cancerMeta-analysisObesityWeight changeWeight cycling

Identifiers

PMID34089471

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.