ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2021
A 3-D virtual human thermoregulatory model to predict whole-body and organ-specific heat-stress responses.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thermal physiology of open water wetsuited swimming: A cohort study.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Article
- Parametric analysis of an efficient boundary condition to control outlet flow rates in large arterial networks.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A 3-D virtual human model for simulating heat and cold stress.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Article
- Use of Thermoregulatory Models to Evaluate Heat Stress in Industrial Environments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed at assessing the risks associated with human exposure to heat-stress conditions by predicting organ- and tissue-level heat-stress responses under different exertional activities, environmental conditions, and clothing.
methodsIn this study, we developed an anatomically detailed three-dimensional thermoregulatory finite element model of a 50th percentile U.S. male, to predict the spatiotemporal temperature distribution throughout the body. The model accounts for the major heat transfer and thermoregulatory mechanisms, and circadian-rhythm effects. We validated our model by comparing its temperature predictions of various organs (brain, liver, stomach, bladder, and esophagus), and muscles (vastus medialis and triceps brachii) under normal resting conditions (errors between 0.0 and 0.5 °C), and of rectum under different heat-stress conditions (errors between 0.1 and 0.3 °C), with experimental measurements from multiple studies.
resultsOur simulations showed that the rise in the rectal temperature was primarily driven by the activity level (~ 94%) and, to a much lesser extent, environmental conditions or clothing considered in our study. The peak temperature in the heart, liver, and kidney were consistently higher than in the rectum (by ~ 0.6 °C), and the entire heart and liver recorded higher temperatures than in the rectum, indicating that these organs may be more susceptible to heat injury.
conclusionOur model can help assess the impact of exertional and environmental heat stressors at the organ level and, in the future, evaluate the efficacy of different whole-body or localized cooling strategies in preserving organ integrity.
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