ArticleMolecular cancer therapeutics2021
CSF1/CSF1R Signaling Inhibitor Pexidartinib (PLX3397) Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Stimulates T-cell Infiltration in the Sarcoma Microenvironment.
Article in Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- From mechanism to therapy: advances in macrophage polarisation and targeted intervention in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Immune cell clustering identifies a CD163⁺/CSF1R⁺ macrophage and neutrophil-enriched phenotype with distinct biological signatures and poor prognosis in angiosarcoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of targeting macrophage polarization in metastatic gastric cancer: a review on core mechanisms and clinical progress.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Targeting myeloid cell plasticity and metabolic reprogramming to alleviate T cell dysfunction and exhaustion-associated states and enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Next-generation macrophage engineering in cancer therapy: From TAM reprogramming to CAR-macrophages.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Genomic landscape and tumor immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: Bridging mechanistic insights to precision therapeutics.Bone reports · 2026Review
- Emerging Treatments in Bone Tumors: Lessons Learned from the ESMO Annual Meeting.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- What's new in pediatric bone sarcomas and benign bone tumors.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Microglia-Specific Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probe Enables Noninvasive Separation of Parkinsonian Mice from Controls.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Integrating Molecular Pathology, Tumor Microenvironment, and Novel Therapies to Overcome Resistance in Glioblastoma.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- CSF1R inhibitors mitigate CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced immunosuppression to increase antitumor immunity in HR+/HER2- breast cancer.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-guided nanocomposite hydrogel injection to enhance nerve repair via temporal delivery of a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Performance of Serum VEGF and M-CSF in Cervical Cancer and, Their Association with Stage.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Targeting GPR34 in damage-associated macrophages enhances anti-tumor immunity and the efficacy of Surufatinib in pancreatic cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Chemotherapy-derived DAMPs drive reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pexidartinib: Current advances in the symptomatic treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a primary regulator of the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocyte/macrophage that sustains the protumorigenic functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Considering current advances in understanding the role of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, targeting the components of the sarcoma microenvironment, such as TAMs, is a viable strategy. Here, we investigated the effect of PLX3397 (pexidartinib) as a potent inhibitor of the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R). PLX3397 was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat tenosynovial giant cell tumor and reprogram TAMs whose infiltration correlates with unfavorable prognosis of sarcomas. First, we confirmed by cytokine arrays of tumor-conditioned media (TCM) that cytokines including CSF1 are secreted from LM8 osteosarcoma cells and NFSa fibrosarcoma cells. The TCM, like CSF1, stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), polarized BMDMs toward an M2 (TAM-like) phenotype, and strikingly promoted BMDM chemotaxis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.