Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34088816›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

Medication Adherence and Characteristics of Patients Who Spend Less on Basic Needs to Afford Medications.

Karthik W Rohatgi, Sarah Humble, Amy McQueen, Jean M Hunleth, Su-Hsin Chang, Cynthia J Herrick, Aimee S James

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Impact of Interventions on Medication Adherence in Patients With Coexisting Diabetes and Hypertension.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Pooled it
  5. Article
  6. A real-world, bottom-up cost of illness analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026
    Article
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  20. Chrononutrition: Potential, Challenges, and Application in Managing Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Karthik W RohatgiFrom the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (KWR, SH, JMH, S-HC, CJH, ASJ); Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (AM); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (CJH). karthik.rohatgi@wustl.edu.
Sarah HumbleFrom the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (KWR, SH, JMH, S-HC, CJH, ASJ); Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (AM); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (CJH).
Amy McQueenFrom the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (KWR, SH, JMH, S-HC, CJH, ASJ); Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (AM); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (CJH).
Jean M HunlethFrom the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (KWR, SH, JMH, S-HC, CJH, ASJ); Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (AM); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (CJH).
Su-Hsin ChangFrom the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (KWR, SH, JMH, S-HC, CJH, ASJ); Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (AM); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (CJH).
Cynthia J HerrickFrom the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (KWR, SH, JMH, S-HC, CJH, ASJ); Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (AM); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (CJH).
Aimee S JamesFrom the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (KWR, SH, JMH, S-HC, CJH, ASJ); Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (AM); Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (CJH).

Funding

Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingP30CA091842 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI AIMEE S JAMES · 2001 to 2026
$128.0M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (KL2) KL2TR002346 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Dominic N Reeds · 2017 to 2026
$14.0M
Helping the Poor Quit Smoking: Specialized Quitlines and Meeting Basic NeedsR01CA201429 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KREUTER, MATTHEW W. · 2016 to 2021
$3.2M
Addressing Basic Needs to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Medicaid BeneficiariesR01DK115916 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KREUTER, MATTHEW W., MCQUEEN, AMY · 2018 to 2022
$3.2M
Understanding and addressing cost related nonadherence to medication: a mixed method multi-phase studyR01MD010445 · NIMHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JAMES, AIMEE S · 2016 to 2018
$1.1M
Clinic to Community Connections: Enhancing Prenatal to Postpartum Care Transitions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Low Income Women with Gestational DiabetesK23HD096204 · NICHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HERRICK, CYNTHIA J · 2019 to 2022
$639k
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002346NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCI NIH HHS P30 CA091842NCI NIH HHS R01 CA201429NICHD NIH HHS K23 HD096204NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK115916NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD010445
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAmong individuals with low income, cost is a well-established barrier to medication adherence. Spending less on basic needs to pay for medication is a particularly concerning cost-coping strategy and may be associated with worse health outcomes. The aims of this study were (1) to describe the demographic and health status characteristics of those who report spending less on basic needs to pay for medication, and (2) to understand the associated psychosocial and financial challenges of these individuals.

methodsWe administered a survey to primarily low-income adults (n = 270) in St. Louis, MO, as part of a larger study from 2016 to 2018. Logistic regression was used to model odds of reporting spending less on basic needs to pay for medication.

resultsSpending less on basic needs to pay for medication was significantly more likely in individuals with fair or poor health status, greater number of chronic conditions, greater medication expenditure, and difficulty paying bills. Individuals who spent less on basic needs were less likely to be fully adherent to their medication regimen.

conclusionsScreening for unmet basic needs and offering referrals to social safety net programs in the primary care setting may help patients achieve sustainable medication adherence.

Indexed as

Health ExpendituresMedication AdherenceAdultChronic DiseaseHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesChronic DiseaseFinancial StressHealth Care DisparitiesHealth ExpendituresLogistic ModelsMedication AdherenceMinority GroupsMissouriPrimary Health CareSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID34088816
PMCPMC8824724

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.