Positive attitudes toward clinical trials among military veterans leaves unanswered questions about poor trial accrual.

Participation in clinical trials is essential to bringing novel and innovative cancer treatments to the bedside but trials that specifically enroll Veterans are relatively few. Given the inherent differences between Veterans and the general United States population, we sought to investigate awareness of and attitudes toward clinical trials among Veterans diagnosed with cancer at a large, urban Veterans Administration Medical Center in Bronx, New York. The survey was administered in 2018-2019. Questions assessed sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy, and general attitudes about clinical trials. Based on key informant interviews, we also inquired about military-specific attitudes. Univariable analyses were conducted to evaluate differences in attitudes by age (<65 v ≥65 years) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic black v other). Of 115 Veterans approached, 67 (58.3%) completed the survey. Approximately 95% of participants were male, 59.7% were ≥65 years old, and 41.8% were non-Hispanic black. Only 58.2% reported knowing what a clinical trial is but 78.5% of Veterans stated that they trust doctors who do medical research and 87.5% reported they would strongly consider joining a trial if their VA primary care physician recommended it. Many stated that they would be part of a clinical trial if it would help fellow Veterans in the future (93.8%) and would help scientists learn how to treat other Veterans with the same disease (93.8%). Among non-Hispanic black participants, 62.5% agreed that the government has a history of using Veterans in experiments without their knowledge compared to 34.2% of Veterans of other race/ethnicity (P = 0.03). Clearly Veterans in our study were amenable to joining clinical trials. While many are aware of past misconduct in the treatment of military personnel in research, overall attitudes toward clinical trials were favorable and were especially positive when the possibility of improving cancer care for fellow Veterans was considered. In approaching Veterans regarding participation in a clinical trial we recommend education aligned with the literacy level of the Veteran, involvement of the VA primary care provider in clinical trial decisions, and awareness of a Veteran's altruism to help others.