Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34088360›Full record

ReviewJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2021

Regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoints PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in cancer.

Hao Zhang, Ziyu Dai, Wantao Wu, Zeyu Wang, Nan Zhang, Liyang Zhang, Wen-Jing Zeng, Zhixiong Liu, Quan Cheng

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 349 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
349citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
31.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

349 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 502 citations in OpenAlex.

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289 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Hao Zhang *Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Ziyu Dai *Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Wantao WuDepartment of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Zeyu WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Nan ZhangOne-third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Liyang ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Wen-Jing ZengDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Zhixiong LiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. zhixiongliu@csu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-6306
Quan ChengDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. chengquan@csu.edu.cn.
Central South University · CNHarbin Medical University · CN

Funding

Hunan Provincial Health Committee Foundation of China C2019186National Natural Science Foundation of China 81472693National Natural Science Foundation of China 81873635National Natural Science Foundation of China 81903663National Natural Science Foundation of China 82073893Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2018JJ3838Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2018SK2101Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China 2018M633002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune checkpoint pathways, which negatively regulate T cell immune function during different phases of T-cell activation. Inhibitors targeting CTLA-4/B7 and PD1/PD-L1 pathways have revolutionized immunotherapies for numerous cancer types. Although the combined anti-CTLA-4/B7 and anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy, only a small percentage of patients receiving anti-CTLA-4/B7 or anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy experienced prolonged survival. Regulation of the expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 significantly impacts the treatment effect. Understanding the in-depth mechanisms and interplays of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 could help identify patients with better immunotherapy responses and promote their clinical care. In this review, regulation of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 is discussed at the levels of DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as indirect regulation of biomarkers, localization within the cell, and drugs. Specifically, some potential drugs have been developed to regulate PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expressions with high efficiency.

Indexed as

B7-H1 AntigenCTLA-4 AntigenGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorSignal TransductionB7-H1 AntigenCD274 protein, humanCTLA-4 AntigenCTLA4 protein, humanImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorCancer immunotherapyCTLA-4Drug interventionPD-L1Regulatory mechanism

Identifiers

PMID34088360
PMCPMC8178863
OpenAlexW3164791653

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.