ArticleBMC ophthalmology2021
Long-term results of topical 0.02% tacrolimus ointment for refractory ocular surface inflammation in pediatric patients.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the Medical Management of Pediatric Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Investigation of 2,4 Di-tert-butylphenol Leaching from Multidose Ophthalmic Devices into Tacrolimus Micellar Formulations.The AAPS journal · 2025Article
- Tacrolimus eye drops treatment for recurrent exposure of the Ahmed glaucoma valve tube.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Review
- Physicochemical Stability of a Novel Tacrolimus Ophthalmic Formulation for the Treatment of Ophthalmic Inflammatory Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNo studies have been reported on the efficacy and safety of long-term (≥12 months) use of topical tacrolimus for refractory ocular surface inflammation in pediatric patients.
methodsMedical records of pediatric patients who were prescribed topical 0.02% tacrolimus ointment for refractory ocular surface inflammation between January of 2010 and March of 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Changes in ocular surface signs during slit-lamp examination, clinical symptoms and concurrent steroid use were graded with a scoring system. The presence of side effects was also assessed. The changes in disease severity and patient symptoms were compared between baseline and after the treatment.
resultsAmong 72 patients (55% males, mean age 10.8 ± 3.9 years, range 3 to 17 years), 25 patients (48% males, mean age 11.4 ± 3.9 years) fully recovered, resulting in discontinuance of the ointment treatment before 12 months. Six patients experienced intolerable burning sensation, which required treatment cessation. Cessation days of those who quit were 1,5,14,20,26, and 35 days. Seven patients were lost during follow-up. Thirty-four patients (56% males, mean age 11.2 ± 4.2 years, range 3 to 17 years) were treated with tacrolimus ointment for over 12 months (average 23.1 ± 19.1 months, range 12 to 98 months). During the follow-up period, all patients showed improved clinical signs and symptoms, and no adverse reaction was noted.
conclusionsLong-term maintenance of topical tacrolimus 0.02% ointment is safe and effective in improving refractory ocular surface inflammation in pediatric patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.