ArticlePloS one2021
Associations of internalized and anticipated HIV stigma with returning to work for persons living with HIV.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence and correlates of internalized stigma among adults with HIV and major depressive disorder in rural Malawi.AIDS care · 2023Trial
- Stigma, discrimination and associated determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS accessing Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Ikeja, Lagos state, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Examination of factors associated with mental health of people living with HIV in Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional study based on the two-continua model.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Employment Status and HIV Viral Load in Chilean Adult Population: A Propensity Score Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Characteristics and influencing factors of anticipated HIV stigma among HIV-negative/unknown MSM in China: A regression mixture model.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Addressing HIV stigma in healthcare, community, and legislative settings in Central and Eastern Europe.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Review
- Resisting and disrupting HIV-related stigma: a photovoice study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- "It Comes in Steps and Stages": Experiences of People Living with HIV in Achieving Employment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- How does HIV-related stigma correlate with HIV prevalence in African countries? Distinct perspectives from individuals living with and living without HIV.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Psychosocial and Health-Related Behavioral Outcomes of a Work Readiness HIV Peer Worker Training Program.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEmployment is particularly beneficial for persons living with HIV (PLWH). However, PLWH experiencing internalized stigma or anticipating that they may experience stigma may be less likely to seek employment due to additional barriers associated with HIV. The purpose of this study was to understand the associations between internalized and anticipated stigma and employment barriers for PLWH.
methodsParticipants (N = 712) from 12 sites across the United States were recruited and interviewed about barriers to employment, HIV stigma, and several other factors related to health. A series of unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were conducted using cross-sectional data.
resultsAdjusted models suggest that greater anticipated stigma was related to increased employment barriers (β = 0.12, p = 0.04). Mental and physical health functioning also positively predicted employment barriers (β = -0.18, p <0.001; β = -0.40, p <0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION: Employment among PLWH has beneficial impacts on HIV-related health outcomes. This study suggests that anticipated stigma may limit and individual's willingness to seek out employment, or may cause them to leave employment. Internalized stigma may not play as large of a role in employment as anticipated stigma for PLWH. HIV-related stigma reduction interventions focused on community-level and employers are essential to improve employment opportunities for PLWH.
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