ArticlePloS one2021
Dose- and time-dependent changes in viability and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production by HaCaT-cells exposed to cobalt. Effects of high and low calcium growth conditions.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating Dermal Bioactivity of Metal Additive Manufacturing Powders Using HumanChemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- A Novel Microfluidic System for 3D Epidermis and Full-Thickness Skin Growth for Nanoparticle Safety Assessment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- METTL14 promotes IL-6-induced viability, glycolysis and inflammation in HaCaT cells via the m6A modification of TRIM27.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Engineering tumor-derived small extra cellular vesicles to encapsulate miR-34a, effectively inhibits 4T1 cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSensitization requires exposure to an allergen with subsequent production of a "danger "signal. In the skin, keratinocytes are the main producers of these signals.
objectiveTo compare dose- and time-effects of cobalt on the viability of and cytokine release from HaCaT cells cultured at low or high calcium.
methodTo model two separate states of differentiation of keratinocytes, HaCaT cells were cultured under low or high calcium conditions. HaCaT were exposed to different concentrations of cobalt chloride (10 μm to 5 mM) over time (30 minutes- 48 hours). Cell viability was measured with the Cell-Titer Blue Viability assay. Cytokine production was measured using a bead-based immunoassay and flow cytometry. Gene expression was quantified using qPCR. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and linear mixed model.
resultsViability of the cells was dose- and time-dependent. A linear mixed statistical model showed that cobalt exposure induces increase in IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 production over time and whereas increase of IL-6 and a decrease of CCL2 was associated with increasing cobalt chloride concentrations. When comparing the cells incubated under high and low calcium conditions, the more differentiated cells in the high concentration were found to exert a stronger response in terms of IL-6 release.
conclusionsOur data suggest that cobalt chloride triggered an alarm system in HaCaT cells, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were secreted in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When high and low calcium incubations were compared, the difference was seen only for IL-6. These findings indicate that the effect of cobalt chloride on cell toxicity occurs throughout the living epidermis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.