ArticleAnnals of Saudi medicine
The epidemiology of drowning among Saudi children: results from a large trauma center.
Article in Annals of Saudi medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Drowning in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic literature review of the epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Hospitalized pediatric drowning in Zhejiang, China (2010-2021): an epidemiological analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Analysis of Climate and Income-Related Factors for High Regional Child Drowning Mortality in China.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Morbidity and mortality of pediatric drowning in Qatar: an epidemiological analysis of submersion encounters at a level I pediatric trauma center.Annals of Saudi medicineObservational
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDrowning is the third leading cause of unintentional death among children worldwide. Although natural waters pose a risk of drowning in low-income countries, swimming pools are more prevalent in high-income countries. In Saudi Arabia, injuries and drowning are a significant threat to population health. Local data is limited, which affects an understanding of the extent of the burden and the development of prevention strategies.
objectiveDetermine the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of drowning among children.
designRetrospective chart review.
settingPatients admitted to the tertiary care unit of a hospital in Riyadh. PATIENTS AND
methodsData was collected on children who drowned (age 0-14) between January 2015 and August 2020. Cases were identified from the electronic health record system where the diagnosis was drowning. Differences in characteristics and outcomes between nonfatal cases with no neurological damage and fatal cases with neurological damage were analyzed.
main outcome measureDrowning mortality and morbidity. SAMPLE SIZE: 99.
resultsOf the 99 drowning cases, 22 (22.2%) had a fatal outcome or resulted in neurological damage. The most-reported drowning site was private pools (82%). The majority of cases involved children younger than the age of two (54%). Eighty-four cases (84.8%) occurred on holidays. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 61 (61.6%) of cases. A significant association was found between the delay in initiating resuscitation and an unfavorable outcome (
conclusionThese findings warrant investment to increase public awareness of the risks of leaving children unsupervised in swimming pools. In addition, there is a need to ensure early resuscitation of drowning victims by promoting life support courses in order to facilitate positive outcomes. LIMITATIONS: The study was conducted in one tertiary center located in a non-coastal city so the results may not be generalizable. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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