Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34085149›Full record

Trial reportSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2021

A randomized trial of medical cannabis in patients with stage IV cancers to assess feasibility, dose requirements, impact on pain and opioid use, safety, and overall patient satisfaction.

Dylan M Zylla, Justin Eklund, Grace Gilmore, Alissa Gavenda, Jordan Guggisberg, Gabriela VazquezBenitez, Pamala A Pawloski, Tom Arneson, Sara Richter, Angela K Birnbaum and 3 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Cannabinoids and opioid consumption in cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024
    Guideline
  4. Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  5. Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) guidelines: cannabis for psychological symptoms including insomnia, anxiety, and depression.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023
    Pooled it
  6. Trial
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  9. Cannabis improves metabolic dysfunction and macrophage signatures in obese mice.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Adverse events associated with the use of cannabis-based products in people living with cancer: a systematic scoping review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Patient out-of-pocket costs for cannabis use during cancer treatment.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Dylan M ZyllaThe Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN, USA. dylan.zylla@parknicollet.com.
Justin EklundThe Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Grace GilmoreThe Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Alissa GavendaThe Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Jordan GuggisbergThe Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Gabriela VazquezBenitezHealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Pamala A PawloskiHealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Tom ArnesonMinnesota Department of Health, Office of Medical Cannabis, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Sara RichterProfessional Data Analysts, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Angela K BirnbaumUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Stephen DahmerFamily Medicine & Community Health At the Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Matthew TracyLeafLine Labs, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Arkadiusz DudekThe Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Cancer Research Center · USHealthPartners · USMinnesota Department of Health · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe prevalence of medical cannabis (MC) use in patients with cancer is growing, but questions about safety, efficacy, and dosing remain. Conducting randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) using state-sponsored MC programs is novel and could provide data needed to guide patients and providers.

methodsA pilot RCT of patients with stage IV cancer requiring opioids was conducted. Thirty patients were randomized 1:1 to early cannabis (EC, n = 15) versus delayed start cannabis (DC, n = 15). The EC group obtained 3 months (3 M) of MC through a state program at no charge, while the DC group received standard oncology care without MC for the first 3 M. Patients met with licensed pharmacists at one of two MC dispensaries to determine a suggested MC dosing, formulation, and route. Patients completed surveys on pain levels, opioid/MC use, side effects, and overall satisfaction with the study.

resultsInterest in the study was high as 36% of patients who met eligibility criteria ultimately enrolled. The estimated mean daily THC and CBD allotments at 3 M were 34 mg and 17 mg, respectively. A higher proportion of EC patients achieved a reduction in opioid use and improved pain control. No serious safety issues were reported, and patients reported high satisfaction.

conclusionConducting RCTs using a state cannabis program is feasible. The addition of MC to standard oncology care was well-tolerated and may lead to improved pain control and lower opioid requirements. Conducting larger RCTs with MC in state-sponsored programs may guide oncology providers on how to safely and effectively incorporate MC for interested patients.

Indexed as

CannabisMedical MarijuanaNeoplasmsAnalgesics, OpioidFeasibility StudiesHumansPainPatient SatisfactionAnalgesics, OpioidMedical MarijuanaCancerMedical cannabisOpioidsPainPatient-reported outcomes

Identifiers

PMID34085149
OpenAlexW3165535383

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.