ArticleAJOG global reports2021
Safety of daily low-dose aspirin use during pregnancy in low-income and middle-income countries.
Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in AJOG global reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness of a randomized controlled trial comparing low-dose aspirin to placebo for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Trial
- Aspirin delays the onset of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among nulliparous pregnant women: A secondary analysis of the ASPIRIN trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2023Trial
- Lived experiences of women prescribed low-dose aspirin for preeclampsia prevention: a phenomenological study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Low dose aspirin prevents endothelial dysfunction in the aorta and foetal loss in pregnant mice infected with influenza A virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- What more can be done? Prioritizing the most promising antenatal interventions to improve birth weight.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preterm birth: a prospective study of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Article
- Review
- The relationship between obstetrical interventions and the increase in U.S. preterm births, 2014-2019.PloS one · 2022Observational
- Reviewing Accuracy of First Trimester Screening for Preeclampsia Using Maternal Factors and Biomarkers.International journal of women's health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Vanessa L ShortDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Matthew HoffmanDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Mrityunjay MetgudDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Avinash KaviDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Shivaprasad S GoudarDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Jean OkitawutshuDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Antoinette TshefuDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Carl L BoseDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Musaku MwenechanyaDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Elwyn ChombaDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Waldemar A CarloDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Lester FigueroaDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Ana GarcesDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Nancy F KrebsDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Saleem JessaniDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Sarah SaleemDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Robert L GoldenbergDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Prabir Kumar DasDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Archana PatelDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Patricia L HibberdDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Emmah AchiengDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Paul NyongesaDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Fabian EsamaiDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Sherri BucherDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Kayla J NowakDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Norman GocoDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Tracy L NolenDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Elizabeth M McClureDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Marion Koso-ThomasDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Menachem MiodovnikDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
Richard J DermanDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Short and Derman); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care, Newark, DE (Dr Hoffman); KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India (Drs Metgud, Kavi, and Goudar); Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Drs Okitawutshu and Tshefu); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Bose); University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia (Drs Mwenechanya and Chomba); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (Dr Carlo); Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Figueroa and Garces); University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (Dr Krebs); Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Drs Jessani and Saleem); Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY (Dr Goldenberg); Lata Medical Research Foundation, Nagpur, India (Drs Das and Patel); Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Hibbert); Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (Ms Achieng, Mr Nyongesa, and Dr Esamai); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Dr Bucher); Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Ms Nowak); Social, Statistical and Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC (Mr Goco, and Drs Nolen and McClure); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (Drs Koso-Thomas and Miodovnik).
University of Kinshasa · CDRTI International · USMoi University · KEAga Khan University · PKNational Institutes of Health · USThomas Jefferson University · USUniversity Teaching Hospital · ZMBoston University · USChristiana Care Health System · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US
Funding
The University of North Carolina-Kinshasa School of Public Health Research Partnership in the Democratic Republic of Congo; a Model for Improving Women'sand Children's Health Through ResearchUG1HD076465 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MELISSA SCHWEIKHART BAUSERMAN · 2018 to 2026
$5.6MBoston University/Lata Medical Research Foundation Global Network for Women's Children's Health Research UnitUG1HD078439 · NICHD · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Patricia L Hibberd · 2018 to 2026
$5.5MTJU-JNMC Global Network for Women's & Children's Health Research UnitUG1HD076457 · NICHD · THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY · PI RICHARD J DERMAN · 2018 to 2026
$5.5MNutrition-specific interventions to improve long-term maternal-child health outcomesUG1HD076474 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Edwin Jose Asturias, NANCY F KREBS · 2018 to 2026
$5.4MNICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD076457NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD076465NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD076474NICHD NIH HHS UG1 HD078439
Abstract
backgroundThe daily use of low-dose aspirin may be a safe, widely available, and inexpensive intervention for reducing the risk of preterm birth. Data on the potential side effects of low-dose aspirin use during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries are needed.
objectiveThis study aimed to assess differences in unexpected emergency medical visits and potential maternal side effects from a randomized, double-blind, multicountry, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose aspirin use (81 mg daily, from 6 to 36 weeks' gestation). STUDY
designThis study was a secondary analysis of data from the Aspirin Supplementation for Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas trial, a trial of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health conducted in India (2 sites), Pakistan, Guatemala, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and Zambia. The outcomes for this analysis were unexpected emergency medical visits and the occurrence of the following potential side effects-overall and separately-nausea, vomiting, rash or hives, diarrhea, gastritis, vaginal bleeding, allergic reaction, and any other potential side effects. Analyses were performed overall and by geographic region.
resultsBetween the aspirin (n=5943) and placebo (n=5936) study groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of unexpected emergency medical visits or the risk of any potential side effect (overall). Of the 8 potential side effects assessed, only 1 (rash or hives) presented a different risk by treatment group (4.2% in the aspirin group vs 3.5% in the placebo group; relative risk, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.43;
conclusionThe daily use of low-dose aspirin seems to be a safe intervention for reducing the risk of preterm birth and well tolerated by nulliparous pregnant women between 6 and 36 weeks' gestation in low- and middle-income countries.
Indexed as
low- and middle-income countrieslow-dose aspirinpotential side effectspregnancypreterm birthsafetyunexpected emergency medical visits
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