ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Challenges Posed by Immune Responses to AAV Vectors: Addressing Root Causes.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- AAV Gene Therapy Drug Development and Translation of Engineered Ocular and Neurotropic Capsids: A Systematic Review Using Natural Language Processing.Clinical and translational science · 2025Pooled it
- rAAV immunogenicity, toxicity, and durability in 255 clinical trials: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity in Approved Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Gene Therapies: A Framework for a Tailored Assessment Strategy.The AAPS journal · 2026Review
- Decoding Nonlinearities in AAV-Based Gene Therapy Using PBPK Modelling.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Vectored Immunoprophylaxis for Mucosal Immunity: Advances and Challenges Associated with Recombinant Secretory IgA Expression.Vaccines · 2026Review
- CD8+ T cell activation occurs 24 hours after AAV administration and is driven by muscle promoter specificity.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles targeting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells improve tolerance to vector and transgene antigens through tolerance spreading.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Adeno-associated virus-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by CpG depletion.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Advancing Parkinson's Prevention: Brain-Specific Lipopolyplex Delivery of the GDNF as a Neuroprotective Gene Therapy.ACS materials Au · 2026Article
- Optimization and scale up strategies for reproducible AAV enrichment step on CIMmultusGene therapy · 2026Article
- Interindividual variability in immune response to AAV ocular gene delivery across species impedes immunomonitoring.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Strategies for Evading Cellular Immunity Against Recombinant AAV Vectors in Gene Therapy.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Comparison of AAV9-driven motor neuron transduction following different CNS-directed delivery methods in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Anticodon-edited transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs) encoded as therapeutic nonviral minimal DNA vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Assessment of Immune Responses Against AAV Encoded Transgene Products.The AAPS journal · 2026Review
- Non-viral gene therapy for hemophilia A: long-term outcomes of minicircle FVIII delivery in a mouse model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- An AAV-Based Therapy Approach for Neurological Phenotypes of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nanoshield-Assisted Viral Gene Therapy with Induction of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death and Durable Antitumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of immune dysregulation and posttreatment inflammation in spinal muscular atrophy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Host immune responses that limit durable therapeutic gene expression and cause clinically significant inflammation remain a major barrier to broadly successful development of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based human gene therapies. In this article, mechanisms of humoral and cellular immune responses to the viral vector are discussed. A perspective is provided that removal of pathogen-associated molecular patterns in AAV vector genomes to prevent the generation of innate immune danger signals following administration is a key strategy to overcome immunological barriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.