ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Macrophage Extracellular Traps Predict Postoperative Recurrence in Resectable Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil extracellular traps predict poor survival in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on tissue and circulating biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Digoxin Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Macrophage Extracellular Trap Formation via Disruption of the LSP1-SOD1 Interaction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Review
- Roles of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic targeting.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Macrophage Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Unravelling mesenteric fibrosis in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours and implications for clinical management.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Review
- Explainable deep learning and radiomics integration for differentiating insulinomas from NF-PNETs in EUS imaging.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Review
- The Research Progress of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Advances in Drug Research Targeting Neutrophils for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current rheumatology reports · 2025Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor metastasis: mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Macrophages in prostate cancer: dual roles in tumor progression and immune evasion.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: From mechanisms to treatments.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- The dynamic roles of macrophages extracellular traps (METs) in immune regulation.Archives of pharmacal research · 2025Review
- Sorafenib-induced macrophage extracellular traps via ARHGDIG/IL4/PADI4 axis confer drug resistance through inhibiting ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.Biology direct · 2024Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- B7H4 Role in Solid Cancers: A Review of the Literature.Cancers · 2024Review
- Impact of endogenous and exogenous nitrogen species on macrophage extracellular trap (MET) formation by bone marrow-derived macrophages.Cell and tissue research · 2023Article
- New Roles for Old Friends: Involvement of the Innate Immune System in Tumor Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Extracellular traps (ETs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells can contribute to disease progression. The clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages and related extracellular traps in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of tumor infiltration and ET formation by neutrophils and macrophages in pNETs. Methods: A total of 135 patients with radical resection of nonfunctional pNETs were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were utilized to stain tumor tissue sections. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) of subgroups determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis was compared with the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was established to predict 3-year RFS. Results: Patients with high tumor-infiltrating neutrophils or macrophages or positive expression of neutrophils ETs or macrophage ETs displayed worse RFS (all p<0.05). Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and ETs were independent prognostic factors for RFS (all p<0.05). A combined parameter including WHO grade, TNM stage, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, and neutrophil and macrophage ETs had the highest C-index (0.866) and lowest Akaike information criteria (326.557). The calibration plot of nomogram composed of the combined parameter exhibited excellent prognostic values for 3-year RFS. Conclusions: Infiltration and ETs by neutrophils and macrophages can be used as biological indicators of patient prognosis, suggesting the treatment potential for targeting those in nonfunctional pNETs.
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