ArticleVeterinary world2021
Possibility of long-term survival of African swine fever virus in natural conditions.
Article in Veterinary world, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Manure management during African swine fever outbreak: identifying gaps through a narrative review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- The Evolving Threat of African Swine Fever in Asia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Rapid differentiation of viable and inactivated African swine fever virus by a viability quantitative PCR.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- The Involvement ofViruses · 2025Article
- Antiviral Activity of Plant-Based Additives Against African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Feed Ingredients.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Wild boar (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- African swine fever at the wildlife-livestock interface: challenges for management and outbreak response within invasive wild pigs in the United States.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Wild boar carcasses in the center of boar activity: crucial risks of ASF transmission.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Space-Time Dynamics of African Swine Fever Spread in the Philippines.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Whole Carcass Composting as a Mortality Disposal Option for African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Swine.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Behavior of Wild Pigs toward Conspecific Carcasses: Implications for Disease Transmission in a Hot, Semiarid Climate.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Application of propidium monoazide quantitative PCR to discriminate of infectious African swine fever viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The Potential Role of Wild Suids in African Swine Fever Spread in Asia and the Pacific Region.Viruses · 2022Review
- Experimental Evidence of the Long-Term Survival of Infective African Swine Fever Virus Strain Ba71V in Soil under Different Conditions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- African Swine Fever Survey in a European Context.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- SWOT analysis of risk factors associated with introduction of African Swine Fever through vehicles returning after export of pigs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- A triton X-100 assisted PMAxx-qPCR assay for rapid assessment of infectious African swine fever virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimIn modern scientific literature presents an understanding that African swine fever (ASF) ASF virus (ASFV) is remarkably stable in the environment, and carcasses of the pigs which were died after ASF, play a key role as ASFV reservoir. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the ASFV (different isolates) survival in bodies of dead animals, bones, remnants of bone marrow, residual organ matrix in natural conditions. MATERIALS AND
methodsSkeletons of ASFV infected pigs which were died and left/abandoned in forests or buried in Armenia at diverse time points and locations had been excavated and examined for the presence of ASFV genome by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and for infection abilities through
resultsCurrent exploration showed that in several samples (with different times of exposure) of excavated skeletons had been detected the presence of the virus gene (p72) using real-time PCR. However, in none of these porcine samples, infectious ASFV could be isolated. Data obtained by real-time PCR at frequent intervals indicated the presence of the virus gene (p72), especially within the case of the acute form of the disease. This can be explained by the highest levels of the virus during the latter case mentioned above.
conclusionASFV seems to be very sensitive to environmental temperature. The best place for ASFV long-term survival in the natural environment is bone marrow from intact big tubular bones (like femur or tibia) of buried carcasses. In artificial "graves," complete bones with not destructed bone marrow can preserve the virus gene (p72) for a very long time (more than 2 years). Infectious particles in underground conditions survive not so long: In complete bones with not affected bone marrow, possible presence of the virus for several months.
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