Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34083582›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Environmental and spatial risk factors for the larval habitats of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Isabel Byrne, Wilfredo Aure, Benny O Manin, Indra Vythilingam, Heather M Ferguson, Chris J Drakeley, Tock H Chua, Kimberly M Fornace

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Review
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  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Impact of environmental factors on the bionomics ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025
    Review
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  11. Article
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  17. Article
  18. Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Isabel ByrneFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK. Isabel.byrne@lshtm.ac.uk.
Wilfredo AureFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Benny O ManinFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Indra VythilingamDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Heather M FergusonInstitute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Chris J DrakeleyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK.
Tock H Chua *Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Kimberly M Fornace *Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London, WCIE 7HT, UK.
University of London · GBUniversiti of Malaysia Sabah · MYResearch Institute for Tropical Medicine · PHUniversity of Glasgow · GBUniversity of Malaya · MY

Funding

Medical Research Council G1100796
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Land-use changes, such as deforestation and agriculture, can influence mosquito vector populations and malaria transmission. These land-use changes have been linked to increased incidence in human cases of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. This study investigates whether these associations are partially driven by fine-scale land-use changes creating more favourable aquatic breeding habitats for P. knowlesi anopheline vectors. Using aerial remote sensing data, we developed a sampling frame representative of all land use types within a major focus of P. knowlesi transmission. From 2015 to 2016 monthly longitudinal surveys of larval habitats were collected in randomly selected areas stratified by land use type. Additional remote sensing data on environmental variables, land cover and landscape configuration were assembled for the study site. Risk factor analyses were performed over multiple spatial scales to determine associations between environmental and spatial variables and anopheline larval presence. Habitat fragmentation (300 m), aspect (350 m), distance to rubber plantations (100 m) and Culex larval presence were identified as risk factors for Anopheles breeding. Additionally, models were fit to determine the presence of potential larval habitats within the areas surveyed and used to generate a time-series of monthly predictive maps. These results indicate that land-use change and topography influence the suitability of larval habitats, and may partially explain the link between P. knowlesi incidence and deforestation. The predictive maps, and identification of the spatial scales at which risk factors are most influential may aid spatio-temporally targeted vector control interventions.

Indexed as

EcosystemEnvironmentPlasmodium knowlesiAnimalsHumansLarvaMalariaMalaysiaMosquito VectorsOdds RatioPublic Health SurveillanceRisk FactorsSpatial Analysis

Identifiers

PMID34083582
PMCPMC8175559
OpenAlexW3164110962

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.