ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2021
Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 310 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Feasibility, Safety and Efficacy of Y-3 Injection Through Skull Bone Marrow Bypassing Blood-brain Barrier in the Treatment of Acute Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction(SOLUTION)
The Feasibility and Safety of RK-4 Injection Bypassing Blood-brain Barrier in the Treatment of Acute Large Hemispheric Infarction Using Intracalvariosseous Injection Device
Who cites it
310 citing papers in PubMed, 429 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Epigenetic regulation of humoral immunity: molecular mechanisms, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The glymphatic-lymphatic axis: known pathways, open questions, and emerging roles in neurodegeneration.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Hospital-treated infection associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology: underlying mechanisms.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
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- Spatially resolved multiomics of human meningeal development reveal lineage and disease dynamics.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Central nervous system involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.Leukemia · 2026Review
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Compartmentalized B cell-microglia crosstalk drives ischemic white matter demyelination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Lymph Node Seeker 64Cu-Labeled Gram-Negative Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles With Positron Emission Tomography (PET).Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Lymph Node Seeker 64Cu-Labeled Gram-Negative Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles With Positron Emission Tomography (PET).Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Article
- Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma: immunobiology and translational implications.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- An irradiation-free platform for localized skull bone marrow manipulation to dissect the skull-brain axis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
250 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The meninges contain adaptive immune cells that provide immunosurveillance of the central nervous system (CNS). These cells are thought to derive from the systemic circulation. Through single-cell analyses, confocal imaging, bone marrow chimeras, and parabiosis experiments, we show that meningeal B cells derive locally from the calvaria, which harbors a bone marrow niche for hematopoiesis. B cells reach the meninges from the calvaria through specialized vascular connections. This calvarial-meningeal path of B cell development may provide the CNS with a constant supply of B cells educated by CNS antigens. Conversely, we show that a subset of antigen-experienced B cells that populate the meninges in aging mice are blood-borne. These results identify a private source for meningeal B cells, which may help maintain immune privilege within the CNS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.