ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2021
Aging and CNS Myeloid Cell Depletion Attenuate Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systemic immune signature stratifies early-stage breast cancer patients and reveals soluble IL-2RA and PD-1 as potential independent prognostic biomarkers.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Aging promotes a RAGE-dependent increase in breast cancer metastasis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Microglia Display Heterogeneous Initial Responses to Disseminated Tumor Cells.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: from molecular insights to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer progression through the lens of age-induced metabolic reprogramming.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Proteogenomic characterization of invasive breast tumors in young women.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- A CSF-1R inhibitor both prevents and treats triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases in hematogenous preclinical models.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Article
- Heterogeneous tissue-specific macrophages orchestrate metastatic organotropism of breast cancer: implications for promising therapeutics.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Temporal dynamics of immune cell transcriptomics in brain metastasis progression influenced by gut microbiome dysbiosis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Mucin 5AC Promotes Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis through cMET/CD44v6.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Metastatic organotropism in small cell lung cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sema3A Affect Osteolytic Bone Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery · 2025Article
- Review
- Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Metastasis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- The murine metastatic microenvironment of experimental brain metastases of breast cancer differs by host age in vivo: a proteomic study.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Article
- The genetic architecture of multimodal human brain age.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Patterns of distant metastasis and survival outcomes inFrontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- A novel risk signature for predicting brain metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of Organ-Specific Metastasis of Breast Cancer.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeBreast cancer diagnosed in young patients is often aggressive. Because primary breast tumors from young and older patients have similar mutational patterns, we hypothesized that the young host microenvironment promotes more aggressive metastatic disease. EXPERIMENTAL
designTriple-negative or luminal B breast cancer cell lines were injected into young and older mice side-by-side to quantify lung, liver, and brain metastases. Young and older mouse brains, metastatic and naïve, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immune populations were depleted using antibodies or a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor, and brain metastasis assays were conducted. Effects on myeloid populations, astrogliosis, and the neuroinflammatory response were determined.
resultsBrain metastases were 2- to 4-fold higher in young as compared with older mouse hosts in four models of triple-negative or luminal B breast cancer; no age effect was observed on liver or lung metastases. Aged brains, naïve or metastatic, contained fewer resident CNS myeloid cells. Use of a CSF-1R inhibitor to deplete myeloid cells, including both microglia and infiltrating macrophages, preferentially reduced brain metastasis burden in young mice. Downstream effects of CSF-1R inhibition in young mice resembled that of an aged brain in terms of myeloid numbers, induction of astrogliosis, and Semaphorin 3A secretion within the neuroinflammatory response.
conclusionsHost microenvironmental factors contribute to the aggressiveness of triple-negative and luminal B breast cancer brain metastasis. CSF-1R inhibitors may hold promise for young brain metastasis patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.