SynthesisParasites & vectors2021
Global trend of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp. malaria infections in the last two decades (2000-2020): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Malaria and Helminthic Co-Infection during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of pyronaridine-artesunate against Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale spp, and mixed-Plasmodium infections: a post-hoc analysis of the CANTAM-Pyramax trial.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Trial
- Identification of two genomic cryptotypes of Plasmodium malariae in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Population genomics of Plasmodium malariae from 4 African countries.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The hidden malaria: Misidentification of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale in low-transmission setting targeted for elimination in Ethiopia.Research square · 2026Article
- Host-directed therapeutic strategies against apicomplexan parasites: targeting purinergic P2 receptors.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Genetic polymorphism and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium malariae isolated from Vietnam.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Artificial intelligence-powered microscopy: Transforming the landscape of parasitology.Journal of microscopy · 2026Review
- Article
- Unprecedented large outbreak ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Health Education Campaign to Improve Malaria Knowledge, Prevention, and Treatment Behaviors in Rural East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia: Protocol for a Cluster-Assigned Quasi-Experimental Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Malaria.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Review
- Leveraging genomic insights from the neglected malaria parasites P. malariae and P. ovale using selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) approach.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Decoding substrate recognition in malapain-2 through structural and mutational insights.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Association between asymptomatic submicroscopic and microscopic malaria infections and anemia: A study in southern Benin.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Chemoprevention of malaria with long-acting oral and injectable drugs: an updated target product profile.Malaria journal · 2024Review
- Performance of rapid diagnostic test, light microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction in pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria in Nigeria.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Non-falciparum malaria infections in Uganda, does it matter? A review of the published literature.Malaria journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies indicate that the prevalence of non-falciparum malaria, including Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale spp., is increasing, with some complications in infected individuals. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the malaria prevalence and disease burden due to P. malariae and P. ovale spp.
methodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence study assessment tool were used to select and evaluate the studies, respectively. Six databases: PubMed, WHOLIS, Wiley Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to screen articles published during the period January 2000-December 2020. The pooled prevalence estimates for P. malariae and P. ovale spp. were analysed using a random-effects model and the possible sources of heterogeneity were evaluated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression.
resultsOut of the 3297 studies screened, only 113 studies were included; among which 51.33% were from the African Region. The P. malariae and P. ovale spp. pooled prevalence were 2.01% (95% CI 1.31-2.85%) and 0.77% (95% CI 0.50-1.10%) respectively, with the highest prevalence in the African Region. P. malariae was equally distributed among adults (2.13%), children (2.90%) and pregnant women (2.77%) (p = 0.862), whereas P. ovale spp. was more prevalent in pregnant women (2.90%) than in children ≤ 15 years (0.97%) and in patients > 15 years old (0.39%) (p = 0.021). In this review, data analysis revealed that P. malariae and P. ovale spp. have decreased in the last 20 years, but not significantly, and these species were more commonly present with other Plasmodium species as co-infections. No difference in prevalence between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients was observed for either P. malariae or P. ovale spp.
conclusionOur analysis suggests that knowledge of the worldwide burden of P. malariae and P. ovale spp. is very important for malaria elimination programmes and a particular focus towards improved tools for monitoring transmission for these non-falciparum species should be stressed upon to deal with increased infections in the future.
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