ArticleBMC medical genomics2021
Identification of potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis by analysing the gene signature related to different immune cells and immune regulators in atheromatous plaques.
Article in BMC medical genomics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage-associated kinase signaling in atherosclerosis - a systematic review.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Pooled it
- Single-cell T-cell landscape in atherosclerosis: implications for targeted therapy and beyond.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- γδ T Cells in Autoinflammatory Diseases.Cells · 2026Review
- Inflammatory drivers of carotid atherosclerosis: signaling pathways, immune cells, and plaque stability.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
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- Identification and characterization of tryptophan metabolism-related genes in carotid artery plaques.PloS one · 2026Article
- IGF2BP2: an mCellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Cross-Disease Identification of FBP1 in Atherosclerosis and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease via Integrated Bioinformatics and Validation: Functional Analysis and Therapeutic Target Exploration.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Searching for Hub Genes of Quince-Basil Co-Administration Against Atherosclerosis Using Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Integrative single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analyses identify CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Deciphering the immune-metabolic nexus in sepsis: a single-cell sequencing analysis of neutrophil heterogeneity and risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- ITGB2 is a central hub-gene associated with inflammation and early fibro-atheroma development in a swine model of atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis plus · 2023Article
- Immunoglobulin superfamily 6 is a molecule involved in the anti-tumor activity of macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- IGSF6 is a novel biomarker to evaluate immune infiltration in mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Bioinformatics analyses of potentially common pathogenic networks for primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated with acute myocardial infarction.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Identification of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers for diagnosis and molecular classification of atherosclerosis.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Article
- Mannose-Binding Lectin Reduces Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells Injury by Inhibiting LOX1-ox-LDL Binding and Modulating Autophagy.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Macrophage Phenotyping in Atherosclerosis by Proteomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects multiple arteries. Numerous studies have shown the inherent immune diversity in atheromatous plaques and suggest that the dysfunction of different immune cells plays an important role in atherosclerosis. However, few comprehensive bioinformatics analyses have investigated the potential coordinators that might orchestrate different immune cells to exacerbate atherosclerosis.
methodsImmune infiltration of 69 atheromatous plaques from different arterial beds in GSE100927 were explored by single-sample-gene-set enrichment analysis (presented as ssGSEA scores), ESTIMATE algorithm (presented as immune scores) and CIBERSORT algorithm (presented as relative fractions of 22 types of immune cells) to divide these plaques into ImmuneScoreL cluster (of low immune infiltration) and ImmuneScoreH cluster (of high immune infiltration). Subsequently, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses including differentially-expressed-genes (DEGs) analysis, protein-protein interaction networks analysis, hub genes analysis, Gene-Ontology-terms and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, analysis of expression profiles of immune-related genes, correlation analysis between DEGs and hub genes and immune cells were conducted. GSE28829 was analysed to cross-validate the results in GSE100927.
resultsImmune-related pathways, including interferon-related pathways and PD-1 signalling, were highly enriched in the ImmuneScoreH cluster. HLA-related (except for HLA-DRB6) and immune checkpoint genes (IDO1, PDCD-1, CD274(PD-L1), CD47), RORC, IFNGR1, STAT1 and JAK2 were upregulated in the ImmuneScoreH cluster, whereas FTO, CRY1, RORB, and PER1 were downregulated. Atheromatous plaques in the ImmuneScoreH cluster had higher proportions of M0 macrophages and gamma delta T cells but lower proportions of plasma cells and monocytes (p < 0.05). CAPG, CECR1, IL18, IGSF6, FBP1, HLA-DPA1 and MMP7 were commonly related to these immune cells. In addition, the advanced-stage carotid plaques in GSE28829 exhibited higher immune infiltration than early-stage carotid plaques.
conclusionsAtheromatous plaques with higher immune scores were likely at a more clinically advanced stage. The progression of atherosclerosis might be related to CAPG, IGSF6, IL18, CECR1, FBP1, MMP7, FTO, CRY1, RORB, RORC, PER1, HLA-DPA1 and immune-related pathways (IFN-γ pathway and PD-1 signalling pathway). These genes and pathways might play important roles in regulating immune cells such as M0 macrophages, gamma delta T cells, plasma cells and monocytes and might serve as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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