ArticlePloS one2021
Experiences with sexual orientation and gender identity conversion therapy practices among sexual minority men in Canada, 2019-2020.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Willingness to disclose sexual orientation and gender identity on federal government surveys: A community-based research study with gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer men and nonbinary and Two-Spirit people in Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Organ and tissue donation and transplantation in people who identify as Two-Spirit, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and more: a Canada-wide cross-sectional community survey.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Article
- Conversion Therapy Exposure and Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Inequities in Conversion Practice Exposure at the Intersection of Ethnoracial and Gender Identities.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Conversion practices in Aotearoa New Zealand: Developing a holistic response to spiritual abuse.PloS one · 2024Article
- Estimation of the population size of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Canada, 2020.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2023Article
- A Wake-Up Call for the Field of Sexual Orientation Change Efforts Research: Comment on Sullins (2022).Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Correcting a False Research Narrative: A Commentary on Sullins (2022).Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Sampling Sexual and Gender Minority Youth With UnACoRN (Understanding Affirming Communities, Relationships, and Networks): Lessons From a Web-Based Survey.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts for Young People in New Zealand: Demographics, Types of Suggesters, and Associations with Mental Health.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2023Article
- Cisheteronormativity, Conversion Therapy, and Identity Among Sexual and Gender Minority People: A Narrative Inquiry and Creative Non-fiction.Qualitative health research · 2022Article
- "Conversion Therapy" Experiences in Their Social Contexts: A Qualitative Study of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression Change Efforts in Canada.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2022Article
- Ridding Canadian medicine of conversion therapy.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Commentary: Absence of behavioral harm following non-efficacious sexual orientation change efforts: A retrospective study of United States sexual minority adults, 2016-2018.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background"Conversion therapy" practices (CTP) are organized and sustained efforts to avoid the adoption of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and/or of gender identities not assigned at birth. Few data are available to inform the contemporary prevalence of CTP. The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of CTP among Canadian sexual and gender minority men, including details regarding the setting, age of initiation, and duration of CTP exposure.
methodsSexual and gender minority men, including transmen and non-binary individuals, aged ≥ 15, living in Canada were recruited via social media and networking applications and websites, November 2019-February 2020. Participants provided demographic data and detailed information about their experiences with CTP.
results21% of respondents (N = 9,214) indicated that they or any person with authority (e.g., parent, caregiver) ever tried to change their sexual orientation or gender identity, and 10% had experienced CTP. CTP experience was highest among non-binary (20%) and transgender respondents (19%), those aged 15-19 years (13%), immigrants (15%), and racial/ethnic minorities (11-22%, with variability by identity). Among the n = 910 participants who experienced CTP, most experienced CTP in religious/faith-based settings (67%) or licensed healthcare provider offices (20%). 72% of those who experienced CTP first attended before the age of 20 years, 24% attended for one year or longer, and 31% attended more than five sessions.
interpretationCTP remains prevalent in Canada and is most prevalent among younger cohorts, transgender people, immigrants, and racial/ethnic minorities. Legislation, policy, and education are needed that target both religious and healthcare settings.
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Registered trials
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