ArticlePloS one2021
Current use of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and clinical characteristics of child and adolescent psychiatric outpatients prescribed multiple ADHD medications in Japan.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prescribing medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a retrospective analysis of a Japanese health insurance claims database.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- A retrospective single-center study on the characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder requiring early drug therapy from 2013 to 2022 and changes in treatment over time.Fukushima journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Increased use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs among children and adolescents with suicidal ideation: A real-world registry study in Japan.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Contexts and Parental Management Strategies for Child-to-Parent Violence in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Qualitative Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multidimensional Factors Related to Engagement in Child-to-Parent Violence among Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Practical clinical guidelines and pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Asia.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Review
- Psychodynamic therapy for adverse childhood experience in a hospitalized girl with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.GHM open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimPatients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifest symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. ADHD medications available in Japan are limited compared with those in Western countries. Prescribing status has not been sufficiently evaluated in clinical settings in Japan. This study investigated the current use of ADHD medications and characteristics of patients who received multiple ADHD medications in a clinical setting in Japan.
methodsStudy participants were those who visited the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kohnodai Hospital between April 2015 and March 2020. We investigated patients who received osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate, atomoxetine, or guanfacine. A retrospective case-control design was used to evaluate the characteristics of patients who received multiple ADHD medications. Patients who were given three ADHD medications were defined as the case group. Randomly sampled sex- and age-matched patients diagnosed with ADHD were defined as the control group. We compared data for child-to-parent violence, antisocial behavior, suicide attempt or self-harm, abuse history, refusal to attend school, and two psychological rating scales (the ADHD-Rating Scale and Tokyo Autistic Behavior Scale).
resultsAmong the 878 patients who were prescribed any ADHD medications, 43 (4.9%) received three ADHD medications. Logistic regression revealed that children with severe ADHD symptoms, autistic characteristics, or tendency of child-to-parent violence were more likely to have been prescribed three medications during their treatment.
conclusionsOur findings suggest the approach to prevent the use of multiple ADHD medications. A prospective study to investigate the causality between prescribing status and clinical characteristics is warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.