ArticleJCI insight2021
Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are required to clear solid tumor in a patient-derived xenograft.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-L1 is an intrinsic switch for natural killer cell-mediated, TRAIL-dependent antiviral function.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Molecular Targets for Pharmacotherapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic analysis of the immune response toMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Overcome the challenge for intratumoral injection of STING agonist for pancreatic cancer by systemic administration.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Article
- Immune regulatory genes impact the hot/cold tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer treatment and patient outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Prospects and Advances in Adoptive Natural Killer Cell Therapy for Unmet Therapeutic Needs in Pediatric Bone Sarcomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Patient-derived xenograft models in cancer therapy: technologies and applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Dynamic evaluation of blood immune cells predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC by multicolor spectrum flow cytometry.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Murine models to study human NK cells in human solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- CXCR6Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- CXCL13 expression in mouse 4T1 breast cancer microenvironment elicits antitumor immune response by regulating immune cell infiltration.Precision clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Existing patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of solid tumors lack a fully tumor donor-matched, syngeneic, and functional immune system. We developed a model that overcomes these limitations by engrafting lymphopenic recipient mice with a fresh, undisrupted piece of solid tumor, whereby tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) persisted in the recipient mice for several weeks. Successful tumor engraftment was achieved in 83% to 89% of TIL-PDX mice, and these were seen to harbor exhausted immuno-effector as well as functional immunoregulatory cells persisting for at least 6 months postengraftment. Combined treatment with interleukin-15 stimulation and immune checkpoint inhibition resulted in complete or partial tumor response in this model. Further, depletion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and/or natural killer cells before combined immunotherapy revealed that both cell types were required for maximal tumor regression. Our TIL-PDX model provides a valuable resource for powerful mechanistic and therapeutic studies in solid tumors.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.