ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2021
A Fully Integrated Closed-Loop System Based on Mesoporous Microneedles-Iontophoresis for Diabetes Treatment.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transdermal Iontophoresis Insulin in Laboratory Animals: A Systematic Review.Iranian biomedical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Bioelectrochemically Powered Out-of-Equilibrium Hydrogels Enable Feedback-Regulated Functions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bioelectronic Considerations in Biomedical Microneedles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Enabled Biomaterials for Controlled Drug Delivery in Implantable and Wearable Devices.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Fabrication, Simulation, and Mechanical Characterization of Curcumin-Loaded PVA/PVP Microneedle Arrays Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds.Polymers · 2026Article
- Highly cited original research in microneedle science from 2015 to 2025 a bibliometric and altmetric analysis.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Integrated CoNiMicromachines · 2026Article
- Nanofluidic-based electrochemical pump for remotely controlled, on-demand drug delivery.Lab on a chip · 2026Article
- A programmable bioresorbable electrochemical microneedle sensor array for perioperative monitoring of organ health.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Materials and System Design for Self-Decision Bioelectronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- A flexible wireless skin patch for synchronized glucose monitoring and regulation.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Controllable-pore porous microneedles for high-speed extraction and biomarker detection of interstitial fluid.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Recent advances in electric-stimulus assisted microneedle patches for skin disease treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Integrated individually addressable microneedle arrays for robust glucose monitoring and on-demand insulin releasing.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Closed-Loop Bioelectronic Artificial Pancreas Patch for Continuous Monitoring and Regulation of Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rats and Pigs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A Genetically Encoded Biosensor for Characterizing Transport and Metabolism of Glutarate.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- State-of-the-art wearable sensors for cardiovascular health: a review.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2025Review
- Engineering microneedles for biosensing and drug delivery.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Smart closed-loop drug delivery systems.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- Gel-Based Ionic Circuits.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A closed-loop system that can mini-invasively track blood glucose and intelligently treat diabetes is in great demand for modern medicine, yet it remains challenging to realize. Microneedles technologies have recently emerged as powerful tools for transdermal applications with inherent painlessness and biosafety. In this work, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, a fully integrated wearable closed-loop system (IWCS) based on mini-invasive microneedle platform is developed for in situ diabetic sensing and treatment. The IWCS consists of three connected modules: 1) a mesoporous microneedle-reverse iontophoretic glucose sensor; 2) a flexible printed circuit board as integrated and control; and 3) a microneedle-iontophoretic insulin delivery component. As the key component, mesoporous microneedles enable the painless penetration of stratum corneum, implementing subcutaneous substance exchange. The coupling with iontophoresis significantly enhances glucose extraction and insulin delivery and enables electrical control. This IWCS is demonstrated to accurately monitor glucose fluctuations, and responsively deliver insulin to regulate hyperglycemia in diabetic rat model. The painless microneedles and wearable design endows this IWCS as a highly promising platform to improve the therapies of diabetic patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.