SynthesisJournal of autism and developmental disorders2022
Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and the Subsequent Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Association between Prenatal Antibiotic Use and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders among Children: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Association between antibiotic exposure and adverse outcomes of children and pregnant women: evidence from an umbrella review.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Early-Life β-Lactam Exposure and the Developing Microbiome: Clinical Relevance and Controversies.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Early Childhood Antibiotics and Chronic Pediatric Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Early-Onset Neonatal Infection and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Use of Antidepressants Decreased After Initiation of ADHD Treatment in Adults-A Finnish Nationwide Register Study Describing Use of ADHD and Non-ADHD Medication in People With and Without ADHD.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Article
- Reduction of Antibiotic-Associated Conditions After Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children.The Laryngoscope · 2025Article
- Association between exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy or early infancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disorder, language disorder, and epilepsy in children: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Strategies to Prevent Early and Late-Onset Group BPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess this association between early life antibiotic exposure and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in later life. The results showed that early life antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASD (OR = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.21) or ADHD (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.1-1.27). However, this association for ASD (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97-1.11) or ADHD (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94-1.02) disappeared when data from sibling-matched studies were pooled. The statistically significant association between early life antibiotic exposure and ASD or ADHD in later life can be partially explained by unmeasured genetic and familial confounding factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34081300What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.