ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2022
Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of pinolenic acid in rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review on Improving the Oxidative Stability of Pine Nut Oil in Extraction, Storage, and Encapsulation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Atheroprotective Effect of Fucoidan in THP-1 Macrophages by Potential Upregulation of ABCA1.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Anti-Atherogenic Actions of the Lab4b Consortium of Probiotics In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Beneficial Effects of Pine Nuts and Its Major Fatty Acid, Pinolenic Acid, on Inflammation and Metabolic Perturbations in Inflammatory Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Pinolenic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects in peripheral blood-derived monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIn pre-clinical studies, pinolenic acid (PNLA), an omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acid from pine nuts, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to investigate the effect of PNLA in human cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients and healthy controls (HCs).
methodsA modified Boyden chamber was used to assess chemokine-induced migration of THP-1 monocytes. Macropinocytosis was assessed using Lucifer yellow and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake using DiI-labelled oxLDL in THP-1 macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). IL-6, TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs from RA patients and HCs was measured by ELISA. The transcriptomic profile of PNLA-treated, LPS-activated PBMCs was investigated by RNA-sequencing.
resultsPNLA reduced THP-1 cell migration by 55% (P < 0.001). Macropinocytosis and DiI-oxLDL uptake were reduced by 50% (P < 0.001) and 40% (P < 0.01), respectively, in THP-1 macrophages and 40% (P < 0.01) and 25% (P < 0.05), respectively, in HMDMs. PNLA reduced IL-6 and TNF-α release from LPS-stimulated PBMCs from RA patients by 60% (P < 0.001) and from HCs by 50% and 35%, respectively (P < 0.01). PNLA also reduced PGE2 levels in such PBMCs from RA patients and HCs (P < 0.0001). Differentially expressed genes whose expression was upregulated included pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fructose bisphosphatase1 and N-Myc downstream-regulated gene-2, which have potential roles in regulating immune and metabolic pathways. Pathway analysis predicted upstream activation of the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors involved in anti-inflammatory processes, and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1.
conclusionsPNLA has immune-metabolic effects on monocytes and PBMCs that are pathogenic in RA and atherosclerosis. Dietary PNLA supplementation may be beneficial in RA.
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