ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2021
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia additively increase mortality: a Korean nationwide survey.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sarcopenia as a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of smoking cessation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and Sarcopenic Obesity in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: The Mediation Role of Hepatic Steatosis Index.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia and MASLD: novel insights and the future.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Divergent risk profiles for cause-specific mortality in MASLD and MetALD: a nationwide population-based study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The liver-muscle axis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a narrative review and conceptual framework for body-composition phenotyping.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Quantification of liver steatosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease based on body composition analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lean-MAFLD: imperatives for updated evidence, mechanistic clarity, and methodological rigor.Hepatology international · 2025Article
- Metabolic diseases in the East Asian populations.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Metabolic Pathways Between Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Sarcopenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of steatotic liver disease subtypes, sarcopenia, and fibrosis on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a 15.7-year cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics of Sarcopenia in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systemic Scoping Review.Obesity facts · 2025Article
- Exercise and nutrition benefit skeletal muscle: From influence factor and intervention strategy to molecular mechanism.Sports medicine and health science · 2024Review
- ADAR2 deficiency ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle atrophy through modulating serum amyloid A1.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- Advances in sarcopenia: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies.Archives of pharmacal research · 2024Review
- Triglyceride-glucose index is capable of identifying metabolically obese, normal-weight older individuals.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Article
- Lean individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the chicken or the egg?Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSarcopenia is an independent risk factor not only for advanced-stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but also for mortality. We investigated the association of sarcopenia and/or NAFLD with mortality among the Korean general population.
methodsIndividuals aged 35-75 years without any history of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, or secondary causes of chronic liver disease were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2015. Their mortality data until December 2018 were retrieved from the National Death Registry. NAFLD and sarcopenia were defined by hepatic steatosis index and appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body mass index (BMI), respectively.
resultsA total of 28 060 subjects were analysed [mean age, 50.6 (standard error, 0.1) years, 48.2 (0.3) % men]; the median follow-up duration was of 6.8 (interquartile range, 4.8, 8.4) years. NAFLD predicted mortality after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and smoking (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.03-1.70), but this prediction lost its statistical significance after additional adjustment for diabetes mellitus. In contrast, NAFLD with advanced fibrosis independently increased the risk of mortality after adjustment for all covariates (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02-2.79). Stratified analysis revealed that NAFLD and sarcopenia additively increased the risk of mortality as an ordinal scale (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.18-1.81, P for trend = 0.001). The coexistence of NAFLD and sarcopenia increased the risk of mortality by almost twice as much, even after adjustment for advanced fibrosis (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.38-3.44).
conclusionsConcurrent NAFLD and sarcopenia conferred a two-fold higher risk of mortality. The observation that NAFLD and sarcopenia additively increase mortality suggests that risk stratification would be helpful in predicting mortality among those with metabolic derangement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.