ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2022
Free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) as carriers of potentially zoonotic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of the Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Foodborne Pathogens fromPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- STEC in the natural environment of Uruguay: genomic surveillance and environmental circulation in the framework of One Health.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Isolation and Characterization Through Whole-Genome Sequencing of STEC Strains from Free-Ranging Red Deer.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Hybrid strains of enterotoxigenic/Shiga toxin-producingJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- EAVLD 2024 - 7Italian journal of food safety · 2024Article
- Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Their Niche-Related Distribution Characteristics in Shiga-Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Detection and Characterization of Zoonotic Pathogens in Game Meat Hunted in Northwestern Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Parasite-mediated manipulation?Biology letters · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-ProducingAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Analysis of the Intestinal and Faecal Bacterial Microbiota of the Cervidae Family UsingMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Shiga Toxin-ProducingAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Whole genome sequence-based characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from game meat originating from several European countries.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Shiga toxin-producingAccess microbiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Article
- Survey of Staphylococcus aureus carriage by free-living red deer (Cervus elaphus): Evidence of human and domestic animal lineages.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Virulence Genes of PathogenicAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) as carriers of potentially zoonotic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Resistance Patterns,Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens of outmost importance and interest has been raised in recent years to define the potential zoonotic role of wildlife in STEC infection. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of STEC in free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) living in areas with different anthropisation levels and describe the characteristics of strains in order to evaluate the potential risk posed to humans. Two-hundred one deer faecal samples collected in 2016-2018 from animals of Central Italian Alps were examined by bacteriological analysis and PCR screening of E. coli colonies for stx1, stx2 and eae genes. STEC strains were detected in 40 (19.9%) deer, with significantly higher prevalence in offspring than in yearlings. Whole genome analysis was performed to characterise a subset of 31 STEC strains. The most frequently detected serotype was O146:H28 (n = 10, 32.3%). Virulotyping showed different stx subtypes combinations, with stx2b-only (n = 15, 48.4%) being the most prevalent. All STEC lacked the eae gene but harbored additional virulence genes, particularly adhesins, toxins and/or other colonisation factors also described in STEC isolated from disease in humans. The most frequently detected genes were astA (n = 22, 71%), subAB (n = 21, 68%), iha (n = 26, 83.9%) and lpfA (n = 24, 77%). Four hybrid STEC/Enterotoxigenic E. coli strains were also identified. According to the most recent paradigm for pathogenicity assessment of STEC issued by the European Food Safety Authority, our results suggest that red deer are carriers of STEC strains that may have zoonotic potential, regardless of the anthropisation levels. Particular attention should be drawn to these findings while handling and preparing game meat. Furthermore, deer may release STEC in the environment, possibly leading to the contamination of soil and water sources.
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