Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34080210›Full record

ArticleAllergy2022

Asthma phenotypes, associated comorbidities, and long-term symptoms in COVID-19.

Lauren E Eggert, Ziyuan He, William Collins, Alexandra S Lee, Gopal Dhondalay, Shirley Y Jiang, Jessica Fitzpatrick, Theo T Snow, Benjamin A Pinsky, Maja Artandi and 11 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Allergy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Exploring Asthma as a Protective Factor in COVID-19 Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Serum 17Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Observational
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Differences in Mortality Among Patients With Asthma and COPD Hospitalized With COVID-19.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2023
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Lauren E EggertDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0560-0254
Ziyuan HeSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
William CollinsSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Alexandra S LeeSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Gopal DhondalaySean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Shirley Y JiangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA.
Jessica FitzpatrickSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Theo T SnowSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Benjamin A PinskyDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Maja ArtandiMedicine/Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Linda BarmanMedicine/Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Rajan PuriMedicine/Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Richard WittmanGraduate School, Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5720-8329
Neera AhujaDivision of Hospital Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Andra BlomkalnsDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ruth O'HaraPsychiatry/Public Mental Health & Population Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Shu CaoSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Manisha DesaiSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sayantani B SindherDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kari NadeauDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2146-2955
R Sharon ChinthrajahDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2467-4256
Stanford Health Care · USStanford University · USStanford Medicine · USSanta Clara Valley Medical Center · US

Funding

Crown FoundationParker FoundationSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford University School of MedicineSunshine Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIt is unclear whether asthma and its allergic phenotype are risk factors for hospitalization or severe disease from SARS-CoV-2.

methodsAll patients over 28 days old testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1 and September 30, 2020, were retrospectively identified and characterized through electronic analysis at Stanford. A sub-cohort was followed prospectively to evaluate long-term COVID-19 symptoms.

results168,190 patients underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing, and 6,976 (4.15%) tested positive. In a multivariate analysis, asthma was not an independent risk factor for hospitalization (OR 1.12 [95% CI 0.86, 1.45], p = .40). Among SARS-CoV-2-positive asthmatics, allergic asthma lowered the risk of hospitalization and had a protective effect compared with non-allergic asthma (OR 0.52 [0.28, 0.91], p = .026); there was no association between baseline medication use as characterized by GINA and hospitalization risk. Patients with severe COVID-19 disease had lower eosinophil levels during hospitalization compared with patients with mild or asymptomatic disease, independent of asthma status (p = .0014). In a patient sub-cohort followed longitudinally, asthmatics and non-asthmatics had similar time to resolution of COVID-19 symptoms, particularly lower respiratory symptoms.

conclusionsAsthma is not a risk factor for more severe COVID-19 disease. Allergic asthmatics were half as likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with non-allergic asthmatics. Lower levels of eosinophil counts (allergic biomarkers) were associated with a more severe COVID-19 disease trajectory. Recovery was similar among asthmatics and non-asthmatics with over 50% of patients reporting ongoing lower respiratory symptoms 3 months post-infection.

Indexed as

AsthmaCOVID-19COVID-19 TestingHumansPhenotypeRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2asthmaCOVID-19eosinophilsSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34080210
PMCPMC8222896
OpenAlexW3148512227

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.