ReviewFrontiers in molecular biosciences2021
Control of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems by Proteases in
Review in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial Natural Products Targeting theMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Fred Goldberg machines in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- A Highly Protective Live-Attenuated Vaccine Generated by Targeted Deletion of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Toxin-antitoxins and sigma factors may optimize the fitness of free-living bacteria throughout the life cycle via an integrated nutrient-responsive cybernetic system.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Review
- Mutations in ClpC1 or ClpX subunit of caseinolytic protease confer resistance to ilamycins in mycobacteria.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Beyond antibiotics: exploring multifaceted approaches to combat bacterial resistance in the modern era: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Phosphorylation of VapB antitoxins affects intermolecular interactions to regulate VapC toxin activity inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Polyphosphate kinase-1 regulates bacterial and host metabolic pathways involved in pathogenesis ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Are all VapC toxins ofJournal of biosciences · 2024Article
- Identification of Genes Encoded Toxin-Antitoxin System inInfectious disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Type II bacterial toxin-antitoxins: hypotheses, facts, and the newfound plethora of the PezAT system.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems' Cross-Interactions-Implications for Practical Use in Medicine and Biotechnology.Toxins · 2023Review
- Article
- Dynamics-Based Regulatory Switches of Type II Antitoxins: Insights into New Antimicrobial Discovery.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Structure, Substrate Specificity and Role of Lon Protease in Bacterial Pathogenesis and Survival.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: Novel insights on toxin activation across populations and experimental shortcomings.Current research in microbial sciences · 2023Review
- Drug resistant tuberculosis: Implications for transmission, diagnosis, and disease management.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a noxious toxin and a counteracting cognate antitoxin. Although they are widespread in bacterial chromosomes and in mobile genetic elements, their cellular functions and activation mechanisms remain largely unknown. It has been proposed that toxin activation or expression of the TA operon could rely on the degradation of generally less stable antitoxins by cellular proteases. The resulting active toxin would then target essential cellular processes and inhibit bacterial growth. Although interplay between proteases and TA systems has been observed, evidences for such activation cycle are very limited. Herein, we present an overview of the current knowledge on TA recognition by proteases with a main focus on the major human pathogen
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