Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34079617›Full record

ReviewClinical kidney journal2021

Effects of fasting on patients with chronic kidney disease during Ramadan and practical guidance for healthcare professionals.

Shafi Malik, Amir Bhanji, Husham Abuleiss, Rizwan Hamer, Shahzad H Shah, Rafaqat Rashad, Naushad Junglee, Salman Waqar, Nazim Ghouri

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical kidney journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Contemplative Practices as a Form of Stress Management for Patients with Kidney Disease.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Shafi MalikUniversity Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-4129
Amir BhanjiWessex Kidney Centre, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
Husham AbuleissOxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
Rizwan HamerUniversity Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.
Shahzad H ShahUniversity Hospital Monklands, Airdrie, Scotland.
Rafaqat RashadAl Balagh Academy, Bradford, UK.
Naushad JungleeUniversity Hospital Llandough, Cardiff and Vale, University Health Board, Cardiff, Wales.
Salman WaqarNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nazim GhouriUniversity of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland.
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board · GBMonklands Hospital · GBOxford University Hospitals NHS Trust · GBPortsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust · GBQueen Elizabeth University Hospital · GBUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust · GBUniversity of Leicester · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are an estimated 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, with the majority of them choosing to fast during the month of Ramadan. Fasting, which requires abstinence from food and drink from dawn to sunset can be up to 20 h per day during the summer months in temperate regions. Fasting can be especially challenging in patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Moreover, there is concern that those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can experience electrolyte imbalance and worsening of renal function. In this article, current literature is reviewed and a decision-making management tool has been developed to assist clinicians in discussing the risks of fasting in patients with CKD, with consideration also given to circumstances such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our review highlights that patients with CKD wishing to fast should undergo a thorough risk assessment ideally within a month before Ramadan, as they may require medication changes and a plan for regular monitoring of renal function and electrolytes in order to fast safely. Recommendations have been based on risk tiers (very high risk, high risk and low-moderate risk) established by the International Diabetes Federation and the Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance. Patients in the very high risk and high risk categories should be encouraged to explore alternative options to fasting, while those in the low-moderate category may be able to fast safely with guidance from their clinician. Prior to the commencement of Ramadan, all patients must receive up-to-date education on sick-day rules and instructions on when to terminate their fast or abstain from fasting.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseaseCOVID-19dialysisfastingpandemicRamadan

Identifiers

PMID34079617
PMCPMC7929006
OpenAlexW3128839316

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.