Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34079559›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

The Release of Peripheral Immune Inflammatory Cytokines Promote an Inflammatory Cascade in PCOS Patients

Yishan Liu, Hao Liu, Zitao Li, Hualin Fan, Xiumin Yan, Xiao Liu, Jianyan Xuan, Du Feng, Xiangcai Wei

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
98citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
11.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

98 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. Challenging prior assumptions: coexistence of polycystic ovarian morphology and endometriosis on transvaginal ultrasound.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026
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38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Yishan LiuGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Hao LiuGuangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Zitao LiGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Hualin FanGuangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiumin YanGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiao LiuGuangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jianyan XuanGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Du FengGuangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiangcai WeiGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangzhou Medical University · CNGuangdong Province Women and Children Hospital · CNState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hormones and immune imbalance are critical factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The alternation of immune microenvironment of oocytes may play a significant role in infertility of PCOS patients. Objective: This study explores the role of follicular fluid microenvironment change in inflammatory pathways activation of granulosa cells (GCs) in PCOS women infertility. Methods: We enrolled 27 PCOS patients and 30 controls aged 22 to 38 years who underwent IVF and collected their luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). Meanwhile, a granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) as a cell-model assisted this study. Key inflammatory markers in human ovarian GCs and follicular fluid were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, or ELISA. The KGN cells were treated with follicle supernatant mixed with normal medium to simulate the microenvironment of GCs in PCOS patients, and the inflammation indicators were observed. The assembly of NLRP3 inflammasomes was detected by immunofluorescence techniques. Dihydroethidium assay and EdU proliferation assay were used to detect ROS and cell proliferation by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with normal controls (n = 19), IL-1β (P = 0.0005) and IL-18 (P = 0.021) in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients (n = 20) were significantly increased. The NF-κB pathway was activated, and NLRP3 inflammasome was formatted in ovarian GCs of PCOS patients. We also found that inflammation of KGN cells was activated with LPS irritation or stimulated by follicular fluid from PCOS patients. Finally, we found that intracellular inflammation process damaged mitochondrial structure and function, which induced oxidative stress, affected cellular metabolism, and impaired cell proliferation. Conclusion: Inflammatory microenvironment alteration in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients leads to activated inflammatory pathway in GCs, serving as a crucial factor that causes adverse symptoms in patients. This study provides a novel mechanism in the inflammatory process of PCOS.

Indexed as

AdultCase-Control StudiesCellular MicroenvironmentFemaleFollicular FluidGranulosa CellsHumansInflammasomesInflammationInterleukin-18Interleukin-1betaNF-kappa BPolycystic Ovary SyndromeYoung AdultInflammasomesInterleukin-18Interleukin-1betaNF-kappa Bfollicular fluid (FF)granulosa cells (GCs)microenvironmentNF-κBNLRP3 inflammasomespolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Identifiers

PMID34079559
PMCPMC8165443
OpenAlexW3161174134

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.